40年来叶尔羌河流域景观变化过程分析  

Analysis on the landscape processing changes of Yarkant River Basin in recent 40 years

作　　者：李琴[1] 陈曦[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2009年第4期50-58,共9页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

摘　　要：应用RS和GIS技术,与景观指数分析软件相结合,以叶尔羌河为例,从时间和空间变化两个方面研究景观格局的变化规律。并从水资源和生态环境效应方面,考虑其景观格局变化的发展趋势。结果表明:(1)在发展态势上,从20世纪60年代到2000年,景观格局的多样性和均匀性都呈下降趋势,流域整体景观的异质性下降,其类型边界趋于复杂化,自然条件在景观格局的变化中仍为主要控制因素。整个流域的景观类型向非均衡化方向发展;(2)从发展格局上,其上游山地景观区和中游人工绿洲景观区的发展比较成熟,景观格局趋于稳定,但其下游受水源限制,林草出现退化,荒漠化和盐碱化程度加大;(3)从水资源和和生态效应分析,水资源在未来五十年内能满足人类社会发展和流域各种生态需水增长需求。目前叶尔羌河流域为绿色生态区,其景观格局与生态系统是相适应的,其发展趋势较好。在水源充足,注重中游节水,适当调整下游水资源配置的条件下,整个流域的景观格局与自然生态系统和人类生态系统将向着可持续协调统一的方向发展。The spatial and temporal changes of landscape structure were researched using GIS and RS along with the software called ＂ Fragstats＂ , based on the land -use map of 1960s and 2000. In the meanwhile, the landscape patterns change trends were discussed from the water resource and the ecological environment. The results showed ： （ 1 ） On the development trend, the diversity and equality of landscape patterns were both decreased during the past 40 years. The whole basin heterogeneity in the landscape was on the down trend too. The type of borders was becoming more complex. All the phenomenan were controlled by the natural conditions. The landscape pattern of overall basin developed on non - balance direction. （2） From the pattern of development, the landscape in the upriver and the middle part of the research area were on steady - going. But by the water restrictions, the pasture was degradating. The levels of desertification and salinization were increasing. （3）The water resource could meet the development of human society and the ecological needs of basin in the 50 years. Now the whole basin is on the green ecologic zone. The landscape patterns and ecosystems are compatible with the development.

关 键 词：土地利用变化 FRAGSTATS 景观格局 叶尔羌河流域 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]