清代宁夏吴忠一带洪涝灾害研究  

Research on the flood disaster in Wuzhong region of Ningxia in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：李艳芳[1] 赵景波[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院 [2]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心,西安710062

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2009年第4期120-124,共5页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究基地重大招标项目(05JJD770014);国家自然科学基金项目(40571004)资助

摘　　要：通过对历史文献资料的统计与分析,以宁夏吴忠一带1644-1911年的洪涝灾害等资料为依据,应用了MATLAB软件包中的最小二乘法意义下4次多项式拟合,研究了清代宁夏吴忠一带洪涝灾害时间变化特点,通过MapInfo制图来分析空间变化特征,并仔细研究了该时期这一带洪涝灾害的等级序列。结果表明,该地区清代共发生洪涝灾害92次,平均每2.91年发生一次;整个清代宁夏洪涝灾害分布很不均匀,晚期为洪灾多发期,早期和中期为洪灾较少发生期。在这一带的七个地区中,整个清代中卫、灵武遭受洪涝灾害最为频繁,同心受灾较轻。该地区洪涝灾害以中度涝灾为主,发生频次为53次,占洪涝灾害发生总次数的63.10%,轻度涝灾次数为25次,占总次数的27.17%,大涝灾和特大涝灾发生的次数较少,分别发生了7次和3次,发生频率各占涝灾总数的7.61%和3.26%。大面积洪涝灾害(三、四级)平均每26.7年出现一次,占洪涝灾害发生年总数的11.90%。Through the collection and analysis on the in 1644 - 1911, and with 4 multinomials in the least historical materials of the flood disaster in Wuzhong region squares method, the time characteristic of the flooding disaster in Wuzhong region were studied by MATLAB in this paper. The spatial characteristics of the flood disaster in Wuzhong region were studied by Maplnfo. This research also researched the rank series. The results showed that Wuzhong region had suffered from totally 92 flood disasters in this period, once every 2.91 years on average ; the precipitation of Wuzhong region in the Qing Dynasty mainly concentrated in the late stage. In the seven districts of Wuzhong region, Zhongwei and Lingwu suffered from the flood disasters most frequently, Tongxin was hitted lightly. According to the rank series of flood disasters, the second grade of flood disasters was up to 53 times and accounted for 63. 10% of all; the first grade of flood disasters was 25 times and accounted for 27. 17% ;the third grade and forth grade of flood disasters were 7 times and 3 times, and accounted for 7.61% and 3.26% of all. The flood disasters of large areas （3, 4 rank ） averagely occurred once every 26.7 years, accounted for 11.90% of all.

关 键 词：吴忠一带 洪涝灾害 变化趋势 等级序列 

分 类 号：P333.2[天文地球—水文科学]