水分亏缺对番茄叶片气孔特性及叶绿体超微结构的影响  

Effect of Water Deficit on Stomatal Characteristics and Ultrastructure of Chloroplast in Tomato Leaves

作　　者：齐红岩[1] 刘洋[1] 刘海涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,辽宁省设施园艺重点实验室,辽宁省工厂化高效农业工程技术研究中心,沈阳110161

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2009年第1期9-15,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD07B04);辽宁省博士启动基金(20041055);辽宁省教育厅青年基金(2004F085);沈阳市技术创新开发研究基金(1053125-1-50)

摘　　要：以‘辽园多丽’番茄为材料,在塑料大棚内设置每桶2 000(CK)、1 500(T1)、1 000(T2)、500(T3)和300 mL(T4)5个灌水量处理,利用扫描和透射电镜观察了处理结束时和恢复灌水10 d后番茄叶片的气孔特性和叶绿体的超微结构。结果表明:(1)番茄叶片的总气孔密度、关闭的气孔数及其与总气孔密度的比值随着水分亏缺程度的增加而增大,气孔器的长、宽和开张度则逐渐变小;(2)恢复灌水10 d后,番茄叶片总气孔密度和关闭气孔数均下降,气孔器开张度增大,T1和T2基本恢复至CK水平,但T3和T4与CK差距仍较大。(3)水分亏缺条件下,叶绿体形状细长,被膜完整度下降,T3和T4处理的被膜解体;单位叶绿体基粒数下降,脂滴和淀粉粒数增加;T3处理的叶绿体片层结构松散弯曲,而T4无完整片层结构;恢复灌水后10 d,轻度水分亏缺处理(T1和T2)的叶片气孔和叶绿体超微结构恢复正常,而严重水分亏缺(T3和T4)却对番茄叶片光合器官造成不可逆伤害,严重影响其光合作用。The variety of ＇ Liaoyuanduoli＇ was cultivated in the plastic tunnel,and five treatments of different irrigation levels were conducted. The amount of irrigation per bucket was 2 000 mL as control （CK）, 1 500 mL （T1）,1 000 mL （T2）,500 mL （T3） and 300 mL （T4）,respectively. Stomatal characteristics and ultrastructure of chloroplast in tomato leaves were investigated by using scanning and transmission electron microscopes at the end of water deficit and 10 d after water recovering. Total stomatal density,the closed stomatal number and the ratio of the two in tomato leaves increased with water deficit levels intensified; while, the stomata length, width and its open status decreased. After 10 d recovering water, the total stoma- tal density and the closed stomatal number decreased among treatments,and the open status of stomata increased. These parameters of T4 and T2 treatment were almost recovered to the level of control; however, there still existed a big difference among treatment T3 ,T4 and control. The chloroplast shape became slen- der under water deficit, and the membrane integrity of chloroplast declined, even the membrane disjointed with Ta and T4 treatment. The grana number per chloroplast declined and the oil body and starch grain numbers per chloroplast increased. The chloroplast lamellae structure of treatment Ta presented loose and flexual phenomena,while there was not integrated lamellae structure of treatment T1 at all. The ultrastruc- ture of tomato leaves could be recovered to normal level under mild water deficit level, while photosynthesis organs were damaged irreversibly under severe water deficit. Furthermore, photosynthesis would be affected seriously.

关 键 词：水分亏缺程度 番茄 气孔密度 叶绿体超微结构 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]