5．12汶川地震崩塌滑坡分布特征及影响因子评价--以都江堰至汶川公路沿线为例  

Distribution Characteristics and Impact Factors Assessment of Collapses and Landslides Caused by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake:Taking Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway as a Sample

作　　者：庄建琦[1,2,3] 崔鹏[1,2] 葛永刚[1,2,3] 朱颖彦[1,2] 刘应辉[4] 裴来政[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,成都610041 [2]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [4]兰州大学,兰州730107

出　　处：《地质科技情报》2009年第2期16-22,共7页Geological Science and Technology Information

基　　金：973项目“汶川地震次生灾害形成机理与风险控制”(2008CB425802);国家自然科学基金项目(40841011);西部交通建设科技项目“震后灾区公路走廊次生灾害危险性评估技术研究”(200831822196)

摘　　要：以都江堰至汶川公路沿线为研究对象，利用遥感影像解译和野外调查数据，探讨了都汶公路沿线地震崩塌滑坡分布规律，并利用主成分分析，确定了影响地震崩塌滑坡的关键影响因子。结果表明：①地震崩塌滑坡主要分布在坡度为30-65°的坡体上，其崩塌滑坡面积占总面积的82．79％；坡向为东、东南和南坡3个坡向，其崩塌滑坡面积占总面积的51．32％；其分布的坡面粗糙度多为Ⅰ～Ⅳ级，其崩塌滑坡面积占总面积的84．45％；集中在距主断层距离5～20km范围内，其崩塌滑坡面积占总面积的56．15％；土地利用类型主要为有林地、灌木林地和疏林地，尤其是灌木林地，三者的崩塌滑坡面积占总面积的89．93％；地层岩性主要为第1、2、3和20类地层岩性组合，其崩塌滑坡面积占总面积的41．34％。②根据主成分分析，坡度和坡面粗糙度对地震崩塌滑坡的贡献最大，是影响地震崩塌滑坡的关键因子，其次是距主断层距离和土地利用，坡向和地层岩性对地震崩塌滑坡的贡献程度较小。With Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway as a study object and utilizing image interpretation and field investigation data, the paper discusses the distribution of collapses and landslides caused by earthquake along the road and impact factor of the collapses and landslides caused by earthquake by principal component analysis. The results show that： （1） the distribution of collapses and landslides caused by earthquake is characterized by the following aspects. 82.79 % of the total slope in the area of collapses and landslides is between 30°and 65°. The area of collapses and landslides is 51. 32% of the total area in east, southeast and south. While the roughness of the surface of 84.45 % of the total area is between Ⅰ and Ⅳ. The fault distance to the area of collapses and landslides is 5 km to 20 km in 56.15% of the total area. 89.93% of the total area is made up of forest, woodland and shrub land. Lithologically, 41.34% of the total area is of 1, 2, 3 and 20 formation lithology. （2） According to the principal component analysis, the slope and roughness of the surface are more propitious to earthquake collapses and landslides, so both are most responsible for the earthquake collapses and landslides, the next, being distance to fault and landuse. Whearas the aspect and lithology are less propitious to earthquake collapses and landslides.

关 键 词：分布规律 都汶公路 主成分分析 地震崩塌滑坡 

分 类 号：P642.2[天文地球—工程地质学] TP753[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]