华东极端高温气候特征及成因分析  

Climatic Characteristics of Extreme Maximum Temperature in East China and Its Causes

作　　者：史军[1] 丁一汇[2] 崔林丽[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海市气候中心,上海200030 [2]国家气候中心,北京100081 [3]上海市卫星遥感与测量应用中心,上海201100

出　　处：《大气科学》2009年第2期347-358,共12页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题2006BAK13B05;上海市气象局研究型业务专项YJ200805和YJ200803

摘　　要：基于华东气象站点1960～2005年逐日最高地面气温和同期西太平洋副高环流指数、赤道太平洋海温和登陆华东及我国的台风个数,分析了华东极端高温日数和高温日平均最高气温的时空动态变化特征及高温成因。结果表明:华东每年高温日数和高温日平均最高气温表现出较大的时间动态变化和空间地域差异。在过去45年间,华东高温日数发生了多-少-多的年代际变化,高温日平均最高气温发生了高-低-高的年代际变化。高温日数在华东中南及西南部较多,而在华东东部沿海和北部较少。高温日平均最高气温在华东中西部的浙江、安徽和江西大部分地区较高。高温日数和高温日平均最高气温在不同地区表现出不同类型的跃变和跃变时间。在华东南部一些地区,高温日数与夏季西太平洋副高面积和强度指数、上年下半年Nin～o4区海温和当年登陆我国的台风个数呈显著正相关。城市化也增加了华东高温事件的发生。The temporal evolution and spatial distribution of the frequency of extreme maximum temperature （EMT） days as well as mean maximum temperature （MMT） during the EMT days in East China have been analyzed by using daily maximum surface air temperature from 1960 to 2005,the western Pacific subtropical high intensity and area index,the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature and the number of landfall typhoons. The results show that the EMT days and the MMT during the EMT days have large temporal variation and regional difference. In the past 45 years,the EMT days show more-less-more interdecadal variability and the MMT during the EMT days has a higher-lower-higher interdecadal variability. There are more EMT days in the south-central and southwest parts of East China,and less ones in the east coastland area and the north part. The MMT during the EMT days is relatively higher in the most parts of Zhejiang,Anhui and Jiangxi provinces in the middle and west parts of East China. In addition,the EMT days and the MMT during the EMT days show different types of jump change and different jump change time in different areas. In East China,particularly,in its southern part,the EMT days are positively correlated with the western Pacific subtropical high intensity and area index,the Nio 4 SST in the last half part of previous year,and the number of landfall typhoons in China. Urbanization also increases the frequency of EMT days.

关 键 词：极端高温日数 高温日平均最高气温 气候特征 成因 华东地区 

分 类 号：P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]