温光气象因子影响棉铃产量和纤维品质性状的相关效应研究  

The Effect Temperature and Solar Radiation Meteorological Factors on Yield Character of Cotton Boll and Fiber Quality

作　　者：万燕[1] 冯艳波[1] 丁时永[1] 姜常生[1] 荣利[1] 陈旭[1] 汤一卒[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室,南京农业大学棉花研究所,南京210095

出　　处：《棉花学报》2009年第2期100-106,共7页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家863计划(2001AA24110812);国家自然科学基金(30571095)

摘　　要：通过播期设置营造着果点棉铃差异性或相近性温光条件下完成棉铃发育过程，研究温度及光照两个气象因子对棉铃产量及纤维品质性状的影响。结果表明，不同温光条件各着果点棉铃的产量与品质性状差异达到极显著和显著水平，变异单铃纤维重〉单铃子棉重〉单铃生物量〉衣分，比强度〉伸长率〉麦克隆值〉纤维长度〉整齐度；各着果点上不同开花期单铃纤维重极显著差异趋势一致，其它性状差异趋势不尽一致。依据温光气象因子与产量和品质性状的正相关，建立逐步回归分析动态模型分析铃期更具重要的影响因子，相对单铃总生物量6．0～7．0g和单铃子棉重4．8～5．4g的≥15℃有效积温范围为408．90～764．77℃和471．12～729．74℃，相对单铃纤维重1．8～2．3g、麦克隆值3．5～4．9、纤维长度27-31mm的平均曰最低温度范围为15．46～26．33℃、13．1～23．6℃、15．9～26．6℃，相对纤维比强度值24．0～26．0cN·tex^-1的日均温为21．2～23．7℃，相对衣分40％～42％的有效太阳辐射总量范围为871．45～899．57MJ·m^-1。据此可分别推理出江淮生态棉区目标性状棉铃的临界开花日。Effects of temperature-solar radiation meteorological factors on yield characters and fiber quality characters of cotton boll were studied by setting different or near temperature-solar radiation conditions for cotton boll developing with different sowing dates. The results showed that character＇s variances of cotton bolls were significant or very significant, on different setting nodes in different temperature-solar radiation condition. By using variance value, the comparing results of sensitivity of cotton bolls to climates conditions in different anthesis were. fiber weight of cotton boll〉 seed cotton weight of cotton boll 〉 weight of cotton boll 〉lint percentage, and fiber strength） elongation micronaire 〉 fiber length 〉 uniformity. For different setting nodes, remarkable significance of the cotton fiber weight had been determined among different anthesis. With the significance or remarkable significance positive correlation between temperature-solar radiation factors and characters of yieldquality of cotton bolls, setting models of stepwise regression analyzed and defined these limits： the effective accumulated temperature（≥15℃） 408.90-764.77℃ and 471.12-729.74℃ to the weight of cotton boll 6~ 7.2 g and the seed cotton weight of cotton boil 4.8-5.6 g, the daily minimum temperatures 15.46-26.33℃, 11. 2421.0℃ and 15.9-26.6℃ to the fiber weight of cotton boll 1.8-2.3 g and the acceptable micronaire 3.5-4.9 and the fiber length 27-31 ram, the fitting lowest daily aver-age temperature 21.2-23.7℃ to the lowest fiber strength 24.0-25.0 cN· tex^-1 , the total effective solar radiation 871.45-899.57 MJ · m^-2 to the lint percentage of 40-42%.

关 键 词：棉铃 产量性状 纤维品质性状 温光气象因子 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]