亚热带和温带生态条件下粳稻品种产量潜力评价  

Evaluation of yield potential of Japonica rice cultivars in the subtropical and temperate ecological zones

作　　者：李贵勇[1,2] 袁平荣[2] 杨从党[2] 周能[2] 李本逊[1] 卢义宣[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2009年第1期327-331,共5页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：云南省“十五”重点公关项目(2001NG04);韩国农村振兴厅重点国际合作项目资助

摘　　要：对2001—2002年滇超2号、滇超4号、云粳436、云光8号、云光9号五个中国和Hwadong、Nongan、Jinmi、Sangju、Singeumo五个韩国粳稻(Oryzasativa)品种为材料,在亚热带生态环境下的云南省宾川县和温带环境下的韩国水原进行试验,结果表明:亚热带生态条件下实际产量和产量潜力分别比温带条件下高2.46t·hm-2和4.04t·hm-2,达极显著水平。亚热带生态下具有较高的产量潜力的主要原因是具有较多的颖花量,每平方米比温带生态条件下多19200朵,同时收获指数和生物产量较高,两种生态条件下差异达极显著水平。对产量构成因子进行通径分析结果表明,亚热带生态条件下对产量的影响顺序是:穗粒数>有效穗>结实率>千粒质量,温带生态条件下对产量的影响顺序是:结实率>穗粒数>千粒质量>有效穗。因而,在亚热带生态条件下,增产的途径是在稳定穗粒数的基础上,适当降低有效穗而大力增加结实率;而温带生态条件下应在稳定结实率的基础上,适当降低穗粒数而大力增加有效穗。Five Chinese and five Korean Japonica cultivars included Dianchao 2, Dianchao 4, Yunguang 436, Yunguang 8, Yunguang 9, and Hwadong, Nongan, Jinmi, Sangju, Singeumo, respectively, were employed to inverstigate the yield potential of Japonica rice cultivars in Binchuan county （Subtropical zone） of Yunnan province in China and Suwon （Temperate zone） in Korean in season 2001 to 2002. The results showed that the average grain yield and yield potential of these cultivars in Subtropical zone were more 2.46 t·ha-1 and 4.04 t·ha-1, respectively, than those in Temperate zone, and were significant 1% probability level. Spikelets played an important role in the grain yield potential in different ecological zones. 19200 spikelets per square meter were more in Subtropical zone than in Temperate zone. Furthermore, the cultivars planted in Subtropical zone performed higher dry matter and harvest index than in Temperate zone and the difference were significant 1% probability level. The rank of yield factors for yield were spikelets per panicle 〉grains of panicle〉seed setting rate〉1000-grain weight in Subtropical zone while ranked as seed setting rate〉spikelets per panicle 〉1000-grain weight〉the number of panicle in Temperate zone. Therefore, the rice grain yield could be increased, by properly reducing grains of panicle and improving seed setting rate in Subtropical zone, and properly reducing spikelets per panicle and improving the number of panicle in Temperate zone.

关 键 词：环境 粳稻品种 产量潜力 评价 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]