城市室内外空气真菌群落及影响因素研究进展  

Advance of airborne fungal community and the influencing factors in indoor and outdoor environments in urban ecosystem

作　　者：方治国[1,2] 欧阳志云[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学环境科学与工程学院,浙江杭州310018 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2009年第1期386-393,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KZCX2-YW-422);浙江工商大学科研启动基金资助

摘　　要：空气中绝大多数真菌与人类的健康及生产活动密切相关,当空气真菌孢子进入人体之后,会对身体造成严重的危害,引发各类疾病,全面了解城市空气真菌群落特征对于保护城市环境,控制城市疾病的发生具有重要的意义。城市绿化植物是空气真菌主要的来源之一,因此研究城市空气真菌群落与绿化植物之间的关系可为城市绿化植物选择、树种配置和管理方式提供科学的指导。通过系统的文献调研,分析了城市室内外空气真菌的群落特征,探讨了城市真菌群落与各种环境因素之间的关系。结果表明,除北极外,各地空气真菌的优势菌属均为枝孢属(Cladosporium),链格孢属(Alternaria)和青霉属(Penicillium);一年中城市空气真菌浓度夏季高,冬季低;它主要受到空气温度、湿度、风速风向、降雨等气象因素的影响。室内空气真菌的群落组成和数量特征及其动态变化都与城市室外空气真菌保持相对一致。但由于受室内特殊环境因素如房屋通风状况、卫生条件、房子结构及室内拥有者行为活动等的影响,室内空气真菌的优势菌属和浓度特征与室外真菌具有不同的特点。室内真菌总浓度高于室外,并以枝孢属和青霉属为优势菌属,适当的自然通风或使用空调等通风系统能有效降低室内空气真菌的浓度。文中最后指出了城市空气真菌将来的主要研究方向与迫切需要解决的科学问题。Most of fungi in the atmosphere are closely related with human health and the activities of human beings. They can cause serious danger to the health even diseases when the spores of airborne fungi enter human bodies. It is indispensably necessary for the urban environmental protection and diseases control to investigate the community characteristics of airborne fungi in urban ecosystems. In urban ecosystem, greening plant is one of the main sources for airborne fungi. Therefore, studies on the relationships between greening plant and airborne fungal communities can provide the scientific basis for greening plant selection, landscape tree species and management methods of urban ecosystem. In this paper, the community characteristics of airborne fungi in indoor and outdoor environments were analyzed and the relationships between airborne fungi and environmental factors in urban ecosystem were discussed. Results showed that the dominant genus in airborne fungi was Cladosporium, Alternaria and Penicillium all over the world except Arctic region. The concentration of airborne fungi was higher in summer while lower in winter, which was mainly effected by environmental factors such as air temperature, humidity, wind direction and speed, precipitation etc. Moreover, the community structure, quantity characteristics and dynamic variation pattern of airborne fungi indoors were similar with those of outdoor environment. Because of special factors such as air condition, sanction of the house and human activities indoors, the dominant genus and concentration characteristics differ with those of outdoor environments. For example, the concentration of total fungi indoors was higher and the dominant genus was Cladosporium and Penicillium. The utilization of aeration and air condition could reduce the concentration of airborne fungi efficiently indoors. Finally, the main research field and urgent question about airborne fungi in urban ecosystem were proposed in the paper.

关 键 词：空气真菌 群落特征 浓度变化 优势菌属 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]