外来物种入侵后的多物种竞争共存的集合种群模型  

Metapopulation model of multispecies competitive coexistence given exotic species invasion

作　　者：时培建[1,2] 戈峰[1] 王建国[2] 郭世权[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101 [2]江西农业大学亚热带生物多样性实验室,南昌330045

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第3期1241-1250,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(973计划)(2009CB119200);国家公益性行业科研专项资助项目(200803005)

摘　　要：基于多物种竞争共存模型,提出外来物种与本地物种竞争共存途径的两种假想:外来物种通过插队竞争与本地物种实现共存;外来物种通过等位竞争与本地物种实现共存。并提出根据外来物种在两种竞争共存模式下占据生境斑块比例的稳定值大小来判断外来物种和本地物种的竞争共存途径。根据两种假想,分别建立了外来物种插队竞争共存模型和等位竞争共存模型。通过应用数学软件Mathematica4.0对两个模型进行了模拟,得出以下结论:在外来物种与本地物种竞争共存状态下,如果外来物种通过插队竞争与本地物种实现共存,当本地物种竞争力差异较大时,外来物种极易对本地稀少物种构成危害。虽然外来物种不会直接造成本地稀少物种的灭绝,但是会使本地稀少物种的生境斑块急剧减少,增加本地稀少物种灭绝的可能性,而当本地物种竞争力差异较小时,外来物种对本地所有物种的影响都较小。如果外来物种通过等位竞争与本地物种实现共存,无论本地物种竞争力差异大小与否,外来物种只是影响到与其生态位相同的本地物种,影响程度取决于外来物种侵入时所占据生境斑块的比例大小。Based on the model of patterns between the exotic species multispecies competitive coexistence, two assumptions of the competitive coexistence and the local species are proposed in this paper. One pattern is the queue-jumping competitive coexistence, and another pattern is the equal niche competitive coexistence. Which competitive coexistence pattern that the exotic species will take depends on the proportional abundances of the exotic species under the two kinds of patterns. Following the two assumptions, the corresponding modes are established. Then we employ Mathematica 4.0 to simulate the dynamics of multispecies competitive coexistence. We find ： under the queue-jumping competitive coexistence pattern, if the differences in the competitive ability among the local species were significant, the invasion of the exotic species would be inclined to damage the local rare species ; if the differences were extremely small, all the local species are inclined to be immune to the invasion. We also find： under the equal niche competitive coexistence pattern, apart from the local species whose niche is the same as the exotic species＇, the remaining local species are completely immune to the invasion. The extent of the effect of the invasion on the local species under the latter pattern, is subject to the preliminary proportions of the exotic species and the local species affected.

关 键 词：外来物种 斑块 竞争共存 插队竞争 等位竞争 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]