“经济增长阶段论”与美国对外开发援助政策  

"Stages of Economic Growth" and American Foreign Development Aid Policy

作　　者：梁志[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学国际冷战史研究中心讲师

出　　处：《美国研究》2009年第1期120-137,共18页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“冷战时期美国重大外交政策研究”(06JZD0013);上海重点学科建设项目(B406)

摘　　要：20世纪50年代,美国著名经济史学家沃尔特.罗斯托(Walt Whiteman Rostow)提出了拥有全球视野、深受"自由主义传统"与"帝国主义理论"影响的"经济增长阶段论",并试图促使美国实施向欠发达国家提供大规模开发援助的"世界经济计划"(World Economic Plan)。在推动这一计划的过程中,罗斯托的"经济增长阶段论"得到了约翰.肯尼迪总统的赏识,因此成为1960年代美国对外开发援助政策的理论基础。然而,最终罗斯托既没有达到追求真理的学术目标,也没有实现推动第三世界国家走向"起飞"(take off)的政治抱负。本文重在探讨"经济增长阶段论"(Stages of Economic Growth)的主要内容、意识形态内涵及其影响,从而揭示如罗斯托这样亦官亦学的理论家在推动政策制订和实施方面面临的困境。Walt W.Rostow advanced the 'stages of economic growth' theory in the 1950s,which embraced a global perspective and was deeply influenced by the 'liberal tradition' and the 'imperialism theory.' He also tried to push the United States to implement the World Economic Plan to provide large scale development aid for less developed countries.In the course of his effort,he won the support of President John F.Kennedy,and his theory became the theoretical basis of American foreign development aid policy in the 1960s.However,in the end Rostow did not reach the academic goal of seeking truth,nor did he realize the political ambition of bringing about the taking off of third world countries.This article focuses on the main content of 'stages of economic growth,' the ideological implication of the theory,and the influence of the theory,so as to bring out the difficulty faced by people like Rostow who played the roles of both scholar and official in promoting the formulation and implementation of policy.

关 键 词：美国外交 对外开发援助 沃尔特·罗斯托 经济增长阶段论 

分 类 号：F171.2[经济管理—世界经济]