黄瓜地上部水浸液对番茄的化感抑制效应  

Allelopathic effect of aqueous extract from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) aboveground part on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

作　　者：刘建新[1] 胡浩斌[2] 王鑫[1] 

机构地区：[1]陇东学院生命科学系,庆阳745000 [2]陇东学院化学与化工学院,庆阳745000

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2009年第2期312-317,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅科研基金项目(JY0510-07)资助

摘　　要：采用培养试验研究了黄瓜地上部水浸液对番茄的化感作用及其生理生化机理,并用试管法对其水浸液的主要化学成分进行定性分析。结果表明,黄瓜地上部水浸液含有生物碱、酚类、有机酸、皂甙、甾体、多糖、蛋白质和油脂,不含鞣质。黄瓜地上部水浸液处理显著抑制番茄种子萌发过程中的呼吸速率和α-淀粉酶活性,使种子萌发率和萌发指数降低,其抑制作用随处理浓度提高而增强。在番茄幼苗生长过程中浇灌黄瓜地上部水浸液提高了番茄叶片中超氧阴离子(O2-)、H2O2和丙二醛(MDA)的含量及质膜透性;降低了过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和抗坏血酸(ASA)含量提高,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性随处理浓度增加先升后降;叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)降低,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)升高,幼苗干重下降。叶绿素荧光动力学资料显示,番茄叶片的初始荧光(Fo)随着处理浓度提高而增大,最大荧光(Fm)、PSII潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)、PSII原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSII)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学速率(PCR)下降,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)先升后降,表明叶片光合机构受到伤害。The allelopathy and its physiobiochemical mechanism of aqueous cucumber aboveground part extract on tomato were investigated under culture experiment. Chemical constituents of the extract were qualitatively analyzed using the test-tube method. The results show that cucumber aboveground part extract contains akaloids, phenols, organic acids, saponinsand, sterols, polysaccha- rides, protein and fats oils, but not tannins. The aqueous extract significantly inhibits the respiration rate and α-amylase activity dur- ing tomato seed germination. It also inhibits germination rate, germination index and the inhibition effect increase with increasing concentration of the aqueous extract. Watering tomato seedlings with the aqueous extract increases the contents of O 2- , H2O2, glu- tathione （GSH） and ascorbic acid （ASA）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and plasma membrane permeability in leaves of tomato seedlings and decreases catelase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） activity. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） activity initially increases and then decreases with increasing concentration of the aqueous extract. Also chlorophyll content, net photosyn- thetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （Gs）, transpiration rate （Tr） and dry seedling weight decrease while intercellular carbon dioxide content （Ci） increases. Kinetic data on chlorophyll fluorescence reveal that the minimal initial fluorescence （Fo） of tomato seedling leaves increases with increasing aqueous extract concentration. The maximum fluorescence （Fm）, PSII potential fluorescence effi- ciency （Fv/Fo）, PSII intrinsic photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm）, actual photochemical efficiency of PSII （ΦPSII）, photochemical quenching （qP）, electron transport rate （ETR） and photochemical rate （PCR） decrease. Non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） initially increases and then decreases, which is harmful to the photosynthetic structure.

关 键 词：黄瓜 番茄 地上部 水浸液 化感作用 光合作用 活性氧清除系统 叶绿素荧光参数 

分 类 号：Q946[生物学—植物学]