不同类型棉田昆虫群落结构研究  

Insect community structure in spring and summer cotton fields

作　　者：吕文彦[1] 秦雪峰[1] 徐艳聆[1] 沈宗霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院资源与环境学院,新乡453003

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2009年第2期330-334,共5页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：农业部农业结构调整重大技术研究专项(06-03-03B)资助

摘　　要：运用群落生态学原理和方法,于2007年6月26日至8月20日系统调查了平作春棉田和夏棉田主要害虫的种群数量动态,并利用相对丰富度、优势度指数、优势集中性指数、多样性指数和均匀度分析了其群落结构和时间动态。结果表明:两类棉田昆虫群落组成较为丰富,由10目35科48种组成。其中春棉田昆虫群落为9目30科39种,夏棉田昆虫群落为10目30科43种;优势种是棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover.)、烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)和朱砂叶螨[Tetranychus cinnarinus(Bois)]。在6月底至7月上旬春棉田优势种主要有朱砂叶螨,7月初数量达最多;两类棉田在7月中旬以后优势种均为棉蚜,7月底至8月中旬优势种均为烟粉虱。两类棉田昆虫群落的总个体数变化较大,但春棉田中昆虫群落和害虫亚群落总个体数始终高于夏棉田;春棉田害虫的相对丰富度较大,而夏棉田天敌的相对丰富度较大;两类棉田以寄生性天敌群落相似系数最高(0.9494),植食性害虫群落最低(0.4394);春棉田昆虫群落多样性指数最高为1.8953,夏棉田昆虫群落多样性指数最高为2.0951,均匀度的变化趋势与多样性指数变化基本一致,而优势集中性指数的变化趋势与多样性指数和均匀度的变化正好相反,优势集中性指数越大,多样性指数和均匀度越小。Community dynamics of major insect in spring and summer cotton fields were investigated according to the theory and method of community ecology from June 26 to August 20, 2007. The community structure dynamics was analyzed based on col- lected data on relative richness, dominance index, dominant concentration index, diversity index and evenness. The results show a rich constitution of insect communities in spring and summer cotton fields. About 48 insect species, belonging to 35 families and 10 orders are observed. In spring cotton field, the insect community comprises 39 species, 30 families and 9 orders while in summer cotton field, the insect community comprises of 43 species, 30 families and 10 orders. The dominant species are Aphis gossypii, Be- misia tabaci and Tetranychus cinnarinus. The dominant species in spring cotton field is T. cinnarinus from the end of June to the beginning of July, reaching the peak at the beginning July. The dominant species after mid. July is A. gossypii, and B. tabaci from the end of July to mid. August in the two cotton fields. Total individual numbers of insect community vary greatly. The total individual numbers of insect community and pest sub-community in spring cotton fields are always higher than in summer cotton fields. Rela- tive richness of pests in spring cotton fields and that of the natural predator in summer cotton fields are larger. Similarity coefficient of parasitical natural predator is highest （0.949 4） and that of phytophagous pest community is lowest （0.439 4）. The highest diversity indices of insect community in spring cotton fields and summer cotton fields are 1.895 3 and 2.095 1 respectively. Changes of diver- sity and evenness are similar in both cotton fields. However, change in aggregation index of dominance is contrary to that of diversity and evenness, which increases with decline in diversity and evenness.

关 键 词：春棉田 夏棉田 昆虫群落 害虫亚群落 天敌亚群落 群落结构 

分 类 号：S435.622[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]