国人股骨干断面测量数据分布规律及其临床应用价值的研究  

The study on the data distribution rule and clinical application value of the cross section measurement of femoral shaft in Chinese

作　　者：王庆贤[1] 张奇[1] 张英泽[1] 潘进社[1] 吴希瑞[1] 崔建岭[2] 魏培建[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学第三医院创伤急救中心,石家庄市050051 [2]河北医科大学第三医院CT室,石家庄市050051

出　　处：《河北医药》2009年第6期653-655,共3页Hebei Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的对股骨干进行断面测量并利用CT观察髓腔形态,找出数据分布规律,指导临床钢板螺丝钉内固定手术时选取适当长度的螺丝钉。方法取成人防腐尸体26具,对尸体股骨行CT扫描观察不同断面的髓腔形态,随后制备股骨标本,测量股骨小转子下缘至股骨髁间窝的距离,将其作30等分,测量每个断面及断面不同倾角的矢状径及冠状径。结果股骨近端髓腔矢状径短,冠状径长,呈椭圆形。小转子下缘冠状径为(3.052±0.921)cm,矢状径为(2.4±0.8)cm;股骨中段髓腔为矢状径长,冠状径短的类圆柱形,股骨干中点冠状径为(2.522±0.912)cm,矢状径为(2.4±1.0)cm,股骨远端矢状径逐渐变小,冠状径逐渐变大,呈近似梯形,股骨髁间窝冠状径为(6.432±1.927)cm。并将该数据指导临床手术,不必对每个螺钉孔进行逐一测深,测量其中一个,便可按规律选钉,不仅缩短了手术时间,而且提高了手术精度,减少了损伤。结论股骨各断面的矢状径及冠状径分布是有规律的。Objective To perform the cross section measurement and to observe the morphous of marrow cavity on the femoral shaft by CT in order to select the proper screw for the plate and screw internal fixation operation on femoral shaft.Methods 26 embalmed corpses were used. CT examination was performed on femoral shaft. The marrow cavity was observed on each section. Femoral specimens were prepared. The distance between the inferior basement of lesser trochanter and intercondyle fossa（L）was measured, then which was divided into 30 parts. The sagittal diameter （SD） and coronal diameter（CD） were measured on each cross section. The SD and CD were also measured on each cross section with different inclinations. Results In the proximal part of the femoral shaft, the sagittal diameter was smaller than the coronal diameter in the cavity. The cavity＇ s shape was similar to an ellipse. On the cross section of inferior basement of lesser trochanter, the mean CD and SD were（3.052 ± 0.921） cm and （2.4 ± 0.8）cm respectively. In the medial part of the femoral shaft, SD was longer than CD, the cavity＇ s shape was similar to a cylinder. On the cross section of the medial femoral shaft, the mean CD and SD were （2. 522 ±0.912） cm and （2.4 ＋ 1. 0） cm respectively. In the distal part of the femoral shaft, the SD was getting shorter and the CD was getting longer, and the cavity＇s shape was similar to a trapezium. On the cross section of the intercondyle fossa, the mean CD was （6. 432 ± 1. 927） cm. Then the data above were used in clinic, there was no need to measure the screw depth one by one, after one screw depth was measured, the proper screw could be selected according to the data above, the operation time was shortened and the accuracy of the operation was improved. Conclusion The distribution of the CD and SD of femoral shaft cress sections is regular.

关 键 词：股骨干 内固定 螺丝钉 应用解剖 

分 类 号：R322.71[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]