武汉市中小河流沉积物重金属污染特征及其生态风险  

Pollution Characteristics and Risks of Heavy Metals in the Sediments from the Middle and Small Rivers in Wuhan

作　　者：唐阵武[1,2] 岳勇[2,3] 程家丽 

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学能源与环境研究中心,北京102206 [2]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875 [3]中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院,北京100083 [4]泛华建设集团能源发展部,北京100070

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2009年第1期132-136,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2003CB415204);华北电力大学校博士基金项目(200822020)

摘　　要：调查了武汉市9条中小河流表层沉积物中7种重金属的含量及其不同形态组成,并探讨了沉积物重金属污染的来源。研究结果表明,沉积物中7种重金属含量均超过武汉土壤背景值,污染程度中等,其中Cd,Zn和Hg富集严重;基于沉积物质量基准值,Cr,Ni和Zn是沉积物重金属污染生物毒性的主要贡献者;流经武汉市区的罗家渠、府河和巡司河重金属污染急性生物毒性较强。沉积物中不同重金属形态分布迥异,Cd的生物可利用态含量最高,其次为Zn,Ni和Cr。沉积物重金属来源复杂,相关分析和主成分分析表明,Pb和Cd可能主要来源于大气沉降和城市污水,Cr,Zn和Hg来源于金属加工冶炼,而As来源于岩石风化等地球化学过程。The content and speciation of 7 heavy metals in surface sediments from the 9 middle and small rivers located in Wuhan, China, were investigated. Furthermore, the possible sources of metals were discussed. With the 7 metal levels all above their background values in soil environment in Wuhan, the moderate pollutions were occurred in these rivers. Among of the 7 metals, Cd, Zn and Hg were relatively high accumulated in these riverine sediments. Compared to the sediment quality guidelines, Cr, Ni and Zn were the main contributors to potential risks on biological toxicity. Based on this investigation, the results also showed that the high metal toxicity effects might occur in the Luojiaqu River, Fuhe River and Xunsi River. On the other hand, these 7 metals distributed with different speciation in riverine sediments. The percent of the form of available speciation was found largest in Cd in sediments, followed by Zn, Ni and Cr. Further, the correlation analysis and principal component analysis indicated that the accumulations of Pb and Cd in the riverine sediments were mainly from the contributions of atmospheric precipitation and urban sewage, and Cr, Zn and Hg were from metal smelting and As might be originated from the biogeochemieal processes of rock weathering.

关 键 词：河流沉积物 重金属形态 生态风险 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] K820.4[历史地理—历史学]