渡良濑游水地土壤微生物群落结构与功能研究  

Structure and Function of Soil Microorganism Community in Watarase Retarding Basin

作　　者：马琨[1] 金子信博[2] 丹羽慈[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]横滨国立大学环境情报研究院土壤生态研究室

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2009年第1期207-212,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40401035)

摘　　要：利用BIOLOG和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)技术,研究了受足尾铜矿废水影响下的日本西那须地区渡良濑游水地东、西两侧土壤生物学特性、微生物群落结构及功能变化。结果表明:东侧(对照区)土壤全铜含量为45.07mg/kg,有效态铜含量为0.42 mg/kg,同西侧相比,平均降低了19.32%和89.95%。土壤呼吸速率主要受土壤有效态铜、土壤有机质和C/N的影响。随土层深度增加,土壤微生物量氮和溶解性氮都迅速减小,东侧土壤具有较强的氮矿化能力。渡良濑游水地东、西两侧0-5 cm土层土壤的微生物群落生理代谢剖面在培养48 h后出现明显变化;土壤微生物群落的平均颜色变化值(AWCD)随培养时间的延长,趋于平缓增加。在48 h时培养后,西侧位点土壤的AWCD值与东侧相比,分别下降了40%,34%和16%;除B位点样品在20-40 cm土层深度的AWCD略高于其它3个位点外,其余样品的AWCD无明显差异。渡良濑游水地东侧土壤微生物对单一碳源底物的利用能力较高,土壤微生物群落利用碳源的功能多样性也较高。渡良濑游水地西侧区域C位点土壤的格兰仕阳性菌、格兰仕阴性菌、放线菌数量均显著高于东侧A位点,但渡良濑游水地东侧区域土壤3大类群微生物中细菌和放线菌比例更高。在渡良濑游水地自然恢复30多年后,东、西两侧土壤微生物群落结构与功能仍存在较明显的差异。Soil biological characteristics and the change of microbial community structure and function at Watarase retarding basin located in Tochigi central Japan, which were polluted by heavy metal from Ashio copper mine, were studied by using BIOLOG and PLFA technology. The result showed that the soil total and the a- vailable copper in the east side of Watarase retarding basin can reach 45.07 mg/kg and 0.42 mg/kg separately. The total and the available copper were decreased 19.32% and 89.95% compared with soil in the west side of Watarase retarding basin. Soil basal respiration rate were major effected by the available copper,soil organic matter and the ratio of C/N for all soil samples at Watarase retarding basin. Soil micro-biomass Nitrogen（Nmic） and Dissolved Organic Nitrogen（DON） were rapidly decreased with soil depth increasing. The ability of nitrogen mineralization was higher on the east side of Watarase River at Watarase retarding basin. After incubated 48 hours, There are an obviously change in the soil microorganism community-level physiological profile for carbon-substrate utilization of ECO plate in the 0--5 cm soil depth. The average color development（AWCD） values of community-level physiological profile were gradually and gently increased with the incubation time increasing. Compared with soil sample in the east side of Watarase River, AWCD values of soil samples in the west side of Watarase River were separately decreased 40 %, 34 % and 16 % after incubation 48 hours. The AWCD values have no obviously difference for all soil samples in the 20--40 cm soil depth except for sample B. There are higher carbon-substrate utilization ability and soil microorganism function di- versity of the soil sample in the east side of Watarase River. The amounts of Gram positive,Gram negative bacteria and Actinomycete were significantly high in the west side at Watarase retarding basin than A site in the east side. But, the proportion of bacteria and Aetinomyeete of three groups of soil microorganism community w

关 键 词：微生物群落 结构 功能 土壤微生物量氮 磷脂脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学] X172[农业科学—农业基础科学]