长期定位施肥对潮土有机氮组分和有机碳的影响  

EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION ON ORGANIC NITROGEN FRACTIONS AND ORGANIC CARBON IN FLUVO-AQUIC SOIL

作　　者：肖伟伟[1,2] 范晓晖[2] 杨林章[2] 孙波[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省微山县农业局,山东微山277600 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《土壤学报》2009年第2期274-280,共7页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-YW-407);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2005CB121108)资助

摘　　要：利用河南封丘潮土的13年长期施肥试验,采用Bremner法研究了潮土耕层有机氮组成的变化,分析了长期施肥对土壤有机氮组份和有机碳含量的影响。与不施肥和单施化肥相比,施有机肥或有机肥与化肥配施显著提高了土壤全氮、酸解有机氮、酸解铵态氮、氨基酸态氮、非酸解有机氮和有机碳的含量。有机氮主要由酸解铵态氮和氨基酸态氮组成,其次为酸解未知态氮和非酸解有机氮,氨基糖态氮含量最小。施有机肥尤其利于氨基酸态氮和非酸解有机氮的形成。施肥处理的酸解有机氮占全氮的比例减小,主要是由氨基酸态氮、酸解铵态氮占全氮的比例减小所致。与1989年试验开始时的土壤初始值相比,施有机肥能提高土壤全氮含量和有机质含量。在供应等氮磷钾的情况下,有机无机配施增加了土壤供氮能力、有机质含量和作物产量,是维持土壤肥力和保护环境最优的施肥方式。Effect of long-term fertilization on topsoil organic nitrogen fractionation and organic carbon was explored through a 13 year-old experiment on Fluvo-aquic soil under a maize-wheat rotation system in Fengqiu County, Henan Province, China. Compared with CK （no fertilizer application） or application of mineral fertilizer, application of manure or manure mixed with mineral fertilizer significantly increased total nitrogen, acidolysable organic nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen, non-hydrolysable nitrogen and organic carbon. Organic nitrogen is mainly made up of ammonium nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen, and secondarily of unidentified aeidolysable nitrogen, non-acidolysable nitrogen,and amino sugar, which accounts for the smallest proportion. Application of manure is especially favorable to the formation of amino acid nitrogen and non-hydrolysable nitrogen. Compared with that in the control, the proportion of acidolysable organic nitrogen to total nitrogen decreased mainly due to decreasing proportion of amino acid nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen to total nitrogen. Applying manure resulted in greater contents of total nitrogen and organic carbon than the initial contents when the experiment started. When the treatments were kept the same in NPK application rate, the application of manure mixed with mineral fertilizer increased soil N supply capacity, content of organic matter and crop yield, suggesting that it is the best fertilization method that favors environment protection and maintenance of soil fertility.

关 键 词：长期施肥 耕层土壤 有机氮组成 有机碳 潮土 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]