基于丹顶鹤营巢生境保护的水量调配研究  

Study on the water regulation for preserving the nesting habitat of Red-crowned Crane(Grus japonensis(Müller))

作　　者：何春光[1] 崔丽娟[2] 石川忠晴[3] 盛连喜[1] 姜海波[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室,东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院,吉林长春130024 [2]中国林业科学院湿地研究中心,北京100091 [3]东京工业大学大学院,东京226-8502

出　　处：《东北师大学报（自然科学版）》2009年第1期105-111,共7页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：“十一五”国家林业科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD03A19);国际鹤类基金会资助项目

摘　　要：以吉林省的向海湿地为研究区,根据多年调查的濒危物种丹顶鹤的营巢信息,通过多时相的遥感影像分析,研究了丹顶鹤营巢特征与水文条件的关系.在此基础上,建立了丹顶鹤适宜营巢的临界水文条件经验模型,依据向海湿地与霍林河多年的水文与气候数据,提出了基于丹顶鹤营巢生境保护的水量调配标准.结果表明:丹顶鹤营巢的适宜生境为"水生芦苇群落",丹顶鹤营巢数量与水生芦苇群落的面积呈正相关,而集水区域面积与水生芦苇群落面积亦呈显著正相关.集水面积的长期动态分析表明:向海湿地水文状况近年极不稳定,与霍林河的流量、向海湿地降水量、蒸发量等因素密切相关.通过多元回归分析建立了集水面积的预测经验模型.基于这些经验模型和野外调查资料,讨论了通过调配河流流量来保证丹顶鹤适宜营巢生境所需要的临界水文条件,结果为:每年的4—9月间,如果霍林河上游水文站河流的月平均流量控制在13 m3/s,第二年春季向海湿地就能够满足丹顶鹤营巢所需的水文条件.研究结果将为基于丹顶鹤营巢生境保护的水量调控提供科学依据.Water regulation is becoming more important for preserving the waterfowl and their habitat.Being based on 7 years＇ field survey（1997—2003）,the hydrological condition of the nesing habitat was investigated in relation to the nesting of Red-crowned Crane in this study.Landsat-TM images were analyzed to estimate the water area as well as the area of ＂reed community in water＂ that is the favorable habitat for nesting of Red-crowned Crane.The analysis also showed the reed community becomes richer as the total water area get larger,which means the total water area will be a simple and important factor to indict the quality of the habitat.Then the variation of the total water area in Xianghai was obtained form 145 scenes of Quick-look images with eyes.Empirical equations were constructed for predicting the variation of total water area from basic hydrological factors such as rainfall,river flow rate and evaporation.Being based on these empirical relations as well as the facts observed at the site,the water regulation was discussed by controlling the river flow rate for the conservation of breeding habitat of Red-crowned Crane in Xianghai area.And this will be beneficial to enable both the conservation of nature and the development of local community.

关 键 词：水量调配 营巢生境 丹顶鹤 集水区域 向海湿地 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]