降雨因素对紫色土坡地土壤侵蚀影响的试验研究  

Influence of Rainfall on Soil Erosion Process on Slopeland with Purple Soil

作　　者：江东 卢喜平[2] 蒋光毅 史东梅[3] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市水土保持生态环境监测总站,重庆401147 [2]四川省水利科学研究院,成都610072 [3]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第1期140-144,共5页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技部“十五”科技攻关计划资助项目(2004BA604A05)

摘　　要：选择该地区水土流失主要动力条件降雨因素为切入点,通过人工模拟降雨试验对紫色土坡地降雨侵蚀特征及规律进行研究.结果表明:(1)降雨量与径流量、侵蚀量呈显著线性正相关,降雨量变化显著地影响径流总量和侵蚀总量的变化;降雨强度与径流量、侵蚀量之间也存在显著正相关,但相关程度较前者略小;(2)侵蚀量与时段最大降雨强度、平均雨强之间的相关程度差异很大,主要原因在于平均降雨强度概化了降雨侵蚀机制和侵蚀过程;(3)径流量和侵蚀量之间符合平方关系和幂函数关系,回归方程达极显著水平;(4)在高(中)强度降雨过程中,径流量和侵蚀量随降雨过程呈幂函数正相关变化,而低强度降雨过程中,径流量和侵蚀量随降雨过程呈线性负相关变化.In order to make clear the process and variation of surface erosion in purple soil, this paper chose a bare purple soil slopeland in Beibei as experimental site to carry out an experiment of artificial simulation of rainfall. The results showed that （1） Rainfall amount was in a positive linear correlation with runoff amount and sediment amount. The variation of rainfall amount remarkably affected the variations of the to- tal runoff amount and the total soil erosion amount. The rainfall intensity was in a highly significant positive correlation with runoff amount and soil erosion amount, but the correlative degree was lower than that between rainfall amount and runoff and erosion amounts. （2） The correlative degree of soil loss amount and break point intensity was greatly different from that between soil loss amount and average rainfall in- tensity, which was mainly attributed to the fact that average rainfall intensity had generalized the mecha- nism and process of the rainfall erosion. （3） The functional relationships that can reflect the variable rela- tion of runoff amount and erosion amount were square relationship and power function relationship, and the significance of the regression equation was highly significant. （4） Positive power {unction correlation existed between rainfall process of high （middle） intensity and runoff and soil erosion amounts, while the runoff amount and soil erosion amount showed a negative linear correlation with rainfall of low intensity.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 侵蚀量 径流量 降雨特性 紫色土坡地 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]