外源有机物料对土壤氮矿化的影响  

Effect of Extraneous Organic Materials on the Mineralization of Nitrogen in Soil

作　　者：娄燕宏[1] 诸葛玉平[1] 魏猛[1] 晁赢[1] 刘安辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《土壤通报》2009年第2期315-320,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(Y2007D29);山东省博士后科研项目专项经费(鲁人办发[2006]191号)资助

摘　　要：采用室内恒温好气培养法,研究了土壤中添加不同有机物料氮的矿化进程和矿化残留率。结果表明:添加蘑菇渣处理显著降低了土壤的净矿化氮含量(P<0.01);而添加鸡粪和2%、4%牛粪显著提高了土壤的净矿化氮含量(P<0.01)。有机物料矿化过程中土壤净矿化氮含量呈现先下降再升高再下降的趋势,牛粪和鸡粪处理在90d出现最大值,而蘑菇渣在120d出现最大值。添加牛粪、鸡粪显著提高了土壤的硝态氮含量,蘑菇渣则显著降低了土壤硝态氮含量(P<0.01);土壤硝态氮含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在培养的第90d达到峰值。添加蘑菇渣、鸡粪和牛粪显著提高了土壤铵态氮含量(P<0.01),土壤铵态氮含量呈现先下降再升高再下降的趋势,添加鸡粪处理峰值出现在培养的第90d,而蘑菇渣和牛粪处理峰值出现在120d。蘑菇渣、牛粪和鸡粪三种有机物料氮的矿化先经历快速分解的阶段,之后进入缓慢分解阶段,鸡粪分解最快,蘑菇渣分解最慢,氮的矿化残留率随有机物料添加量的增大而增大,蘑菇渣、牛粪、鸡粪在210d后的分解残留率与添加量呈显著正相关(r蘑菇渣=0.938**,r牛粪=0.942**,r鸡粪=0.995**,n=12)A laboratory aerobic incubation test was conducted under constant temperature to study the mineralization process of nitrogen and the mineralization residual ratio of organic materials. The results showed that the net mineralization nitrogen was decreased remarkably in the mushroom compost treatment （P〈0.01）, while it was increased remarkably in chicken manure and 2%, 4% cow manure treatments （P〈0.01）. Besides, the contents of net mineralization nitrogen of every organic material addition treatment performed declined first then increased and finally decreased. The peak came at different time, the chicken manure and cow manure treatments came at 90d, while spend mushroom compost came at 120d. The contents of net mineralization nitrogen came from ammonification was bigger than nitrification in mushroom compost treatments, while nitrification was bigger than ammonification in chicken manure and cow manure treatments. The contents of NO3^--N was increased remarkably in cow and chicken manure treatments, while the mushroom compost treatment was decreased remarkably （P〈0.01）, every treatment performed increased first and then decreased trend, the peak came at 90d. The contents of NH4^＋-N was increased remarkably of the three types of organic materials（P〈0.01）, and performed decreased first, increased second and then decreased trend of every treatment, the peak of chicken manure treatments came at 90d, while mushroom compost and cow manure addition came at 120d. The three organic materials had two periods of decomposing, it decomposed fast at first and then entered a slowly decomposing period. Chicken manure was decomposed the fastest while mushroom compost decomposed most slowly. The mineralization residual ratio of nitrogen increased with the increasing amount of organic materials. The nitrogen mineralization residual ratio of mushroom compost, the cow manure and the chicken manure after seven months had a remarkably positive correlation（r=0.938^＊＊, 0.942^＊＊, 0.995^＊＊, n= 12）.

关 键 词：有机物料 氮 矿化 C/N 

分 类 号：S153.61[农业科学—土壤学]