基于遥感影像的哈尔滨市城市热环境变化  

Change of the heat environment in Harbin City based on RS image

作　　者：张新乐[1,2] 张树文[1] 李颖[1] 谢云峰[2,3] 匡文慧[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130012 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2009年第2期310-316,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所前沿领域项目:"区域城市化过程遥感监测研究"(KZCX3-SW-NA3-16);国家自然科学基金面上资助项目:"遥感和GIS支持下的东北黑土区侵蚀沟密度模型研究"(40771162);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目:"东北地区100年LUCC数字重建"(KZCX2-SW-320-1)

摘　　要：以Landsat TM/ETM+为基本数据源,利用遥感和GIS技术定量反演了哈尔滨市1989和2000年的地面亮温和植被指数(NDVI),对标准化地面亮温分级数据进行热力景观指数计算,研究城市热场分布的空间格局、时空变化规律和不同植被指数(NDVI)等级下热环境的变化特征。结果表明:1989和2000年哈尔滨市建成区均存在显著的热岛效应,2000年建成区热岛效应增强,哈尔滨市总体地面亮温升高;热力景观日趋破碎,各景观类型受干扰程度较大,处于很不稳定的状态。NDVI与地面亮温的负相关性随着植被覆盖度的升高而增大;植被覆盖度与地面亮温的空间变异呈负相关。Choosing Landsat TM /ETM ＋ as the data source, the paper simulated the ground brightness and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） of Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China, in the year of 1989 and 2000 based on Remote Sensing （RS） and Geographical Information System （GIS） technologies. The NDVI and normalized ground brightness were divided into several grades, and then heat landscape indexes of normalized ground brightness were calculated, so as to study the spatial pattern and the ruleistics of spatial-temporal changes of urban heat field distribution, and the change character of normalized ground brightness in different grades of NDVI. The results show as follows： heat-island effect were prominence in the built up area of Harbin in both the years of 1989 and 2000. Comparing with the year of 1989, heat-island effect of built up area of Harbin was swelled, and the collectivity ground brightness of Harbin city was ascended in the year of 2000 ; heat landscape was fell to pieces. Every landscape type in a very instability estate was disturbed more. When urban vegetation cover is higher, its influence to descending temperature is stronger. It appears that in lower vegetation cover areas, there is not obvious negative relativity between NDVI and ground brightness; in middling vegetation cover areas, which has obvious negative relativity; when vegetation cover is very high, its function of descending ground brightness boosts up, and the relativity between them becomes greater obviously. It appears negative relativity between vegetation cover and spatial variance of ground brightness.

关 键 词：热岛效应 地面亮温 植被指数 热力景观 哈尔滨市 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]