污染物联合削减费用函数的建立及实证分析  

Establishment and Empirical Analysis of Cost Function for Pollution Combination Abatement

作　　者：曹东[1,2] 宋存义[1] 王金南[2] 蒋洪强[2] 李万新[3] 曹国志[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]环境保护部环境规划院,北京100012 [3]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2009年第3期371-376,共6页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771078)

摘　　要：以计量经济模型为手段,利用全国上千家重点污染源数据,从微观角度对工业企业的污染行为进行了经济分析,建立了企业污染物联合削减费用函数,并对水和大气污染物削减费用函数进行了回归.以2004年为例,说明了主要污染行业在不同的有效收费强度下的污染物排放强度,并在此基础上分别提出了不同行业不同污染物削减的边际费用,对排污收费政策进行了初步经济评估.结果表明:利用污染物联合削减费用函数对目前我国工业企业的污染物削减费用、边际削减费用和污染物排放浓度与有效收费强度之间进行定量分析是可行的;不同行业企业的水和大气污染物边际削减费用不同;为增强工业企业污染物削减的合理性和有效性,应针对不同行业制定污染物排放标准和收费标准;排放标准与削减费用的关系表明,企业要达到既定的污染物排放标准,其污染治理投入应达到一个合理的水平.We used econometric models and data from over（1,000） heavy pollution sources,analyzed industrial enterprises＇ pollution behaviors in China from a microeconomic perspective,established a pollution abatement cost function,and applied regressions to such functions using data of water and air pollutants.Then,taking 2004 data as an example,we expatiated the discharge intensities of main industries under different valid charge intensities,proposed marginal abatement costs of different pollutants from different industries,and assessed the policy of pollution charges primarily.The main conclusions are as follows：（1） it is feasible to analyze quantifiably pollution abatement cost,marginal cost of pollution abatement,and the relationship of pollutant concentration and valid charge intensity by establishing a cost function for pollution combination abatement;（2） enterprises in different industries have different water and air marginal costs of pollution abatement,so in order to enhance the rationality and validity,standards of pollutant discharge and charge should be constituted according to different industries;（3） the abatement input of an enterprise should be at a rational level in order to accord with the established standard for pollutant discharge.

关 键 词：污染物联合削减费用函数 污染物边际削减费用 排放标准 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X196