哀牢山北段地区气候特征及变化趋势  

Climate Change from 1980 to 2005 in the Ailao Mountains,Southwest China

作　　者：刘洋[1,2] 张一平[1] 刘玉洪[1] 高富[1,3,4] 巩合德[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南昆明650223 [2]云南省农村科技服务中心,云南昆明650051 [3]中国科学院昆明植物所,云南昆明650204 [4]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《山地学报》2009年第2期203-210,共8页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973项目)(2003CB415101);云南省自然科学基金重点项目(2003C0002Z)资助~~

摘　　要：以哀牢山北段地区不同位置的景东(西侧盆地)、徐家坝(山顶)和楚雄(东侧盆地)为研究对象,利用三地1980～2005年同期气候观测资料,通过统计分析,探讨了哀牢山东、西侧盆地及山顶气温和降雨特征及长期变化趋势。结果表明:哀牢山北段地区最热月均出现在6月;最冷月,西侧盆地和山顶为1月,东侧盆地最冷月为12月;降雨的季节差异十分显著,雨季降雨量占全年的85%以上,以7月降雨量最多。从气候的长期变化趋势来看,年、季和月平均气温均呈现显著的升高趋势,气温的显著升高主要发生在干季,增温率为干季>年>雨季。最冷月均温增温率最大,最热月均温没有显著增加,气温年较差呈减小趋势。研究表明,哀牢山北段地区山顶及两侧盆地均呈现显著的变暖趋势,与植物生存直接相关的∑t≥0℃有效积温和∑t≥10℃活动积温也显著增加。气温的变化具有显著的空间差异,增温速率为东侧盆地>山顶>西侧盆地。山地迎风坡面(西坡)气温垂直递减率显著减小,背风坡面(东坡)气温垂直递减率整体呈增大趋势。降雨整体呈增加趋势,不同季节间降雨的变化差异显著,年降雨量的增加主要由于雨季降雨的增加,干季降雨呈微弱上升或下降趋势,降雨的增加率为东侧盆地>山顶>西侧盆地。哀牢山北段地区干季的干热气候特征进一步加剧,这种变化趋势在山地的背风坡面(东坡)表现得更加剧烈。Being differ from the average level of china that the minimum mean monthly air temperature presents to January and the maximum mean monthly air temperature presents to July, the maximum mean monthly air temperature in the region of Ailao mountains presents to June. Primarily owing to the South -West monsoon coming from the Indian Ocean, a major feature in the region of Ailao mountains is the clear-cut changes between the two seasons： the dry season （November- April） and the rainy season （May- October）. Precipitation of the rainy season makes more than eighty-five percent of the whole year and the maximum precipitation presents to July. Annual air temperature increases remarkably at all the stations and the statistically significant upward trends are 0. 017 9℃/a, 0. 041 7℃/a and 0. 041 9℃/a when it comes to west valley, mountaintop and east valley. There is also a remarkable increase of air temperature in dry season and rainy season. The incremental rate is very different in monthly, seasonal and annual scale and it is the biggest in the dry season, moderate for the whole year and the least in the rainy season. The incremental rate in the hottest month is much faster than that in the coldest month and the differenee of air temperature in annual scale shows a downward trend. There is also a remarkable increase in the ∑t ≥0℃ accumulative temperature and ∑t≥ 10℃ accumulative temperature. Comparing to change trends of air temperature and precipitation in different locations of the Ailao mountains, the incremental rate is biggest in the east valley, moderate for the mountaintop and the least in the west valley. The lapse rate of air temperature shows a statistical significant upward trend on the windward slope （west） and it has a slight increase on the leeward slope （east）.Precipitation tended more or less to increase owing to the increase in the rainy season. Comparing to the west valley, the east valley is experiencing a much hotter period, then it comes to the mountaintop.

关 键 词：气候变化 山地气候 气候特征 区域变化 哀牢山 

分 类 号：P463[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]