典型草原地区旅游发展对植被的环境影响  

The Environmental Influence of Tourism on Vegetation in Typical Grassland Areas

作　　者：刘丽梅[1] 吕君 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古财经学院旅游学院,呼和浩特010051 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第3期442-449,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目:“基于社区参与的草原旅游发展模式研究”(编号:06CJY033);内蒙古自然科学基金项目“:典型草原地区旅游开发模式研究”(编号:200711020611)。

摘　　要：本文以内蒙古自治区四子王旗格根塔拉草原旅游中心为研究区,利用生态学中的密度、盖度、频度、重要值以及采用辛普森多样性指数(Simpson’sdiversity index)和香农-威纳指数(Shannon-Weiner index)来分析植物样方的植物种类多样性,结合样方的种类组成和盖度等来探究旅游发展对草原植被的环境影响。通过旅游活动对植物种类的影响、对植物种类多样性的影响、对群落结构的影响、对群落外貌的影响分析,得知旅游活动对植被生态安全干扰的破坏在Ⅲ级以上,群落由克氏针茅占优势转变为以冷蒿为主的草原变型,今后必须加强对草原旅游开发与规划理论以及开发模式的研究。As tourism resource, grassland vegetation is of vital value and plays an important role in the development of grassland tourism. Its ecological situation can effectively mirror the quality and management of tourism resources. Taking Gegentala grassland tourism center in Siziwang Banner of Inner Mongolia as the research area, we figures out 15 grassland vegetation varieties from 12 samples taken from the Aobao areas, roadsides and horse courts. By using the density, coverage, frequency, vitality index, Simpson＇ s diversity index and Shannon-Weiner index in ecology, this paper studies the diversification of vegetation samples and environmental influence of tourism on the vegetation of typical grassland areas through combining the varieties of the samples and the coverage. Firstly, according to the statistics of plant variety, comparative density and coverage, we find out that the plant variety keeps reducing as tourism activities expand. Judging from the plant variety, the destruction grade to vegetation variety reaches over 3 degree, which means 25m around the Aobao areas, 10m along the new road sides and 15m around the horse courts are affected. The areas 10m around Aobao are most seriously destructed. Secondly, the uniformity and the plant variety index indicate that the tourism disturbance degree exceeds 3 in each sample areas. The closer it is to the center of tourism activity, the more serious the disturbance is. Thirdly, to have people realize severity, for the beneficial grassland plant, stipa, is dying out in the three sample areas. Cleistogenes squarrosa has become the transitional plant. Frigida, convolvulaceae arafat, caragana and others are increasing in the process of deterioration. Due to tourism activities, the destruction to vegetation greatly changes the structure of plants. The grassland advantaged with Kirschner Stipa has transformed into a frigida-dominated place. Fourthly, by calculating the coverage and height of the grass group, the research finds that in each sample area, both the coverag

关 键 词：草原旅游发展 环境影响 格根塔拉草原旅游中心 植被 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理] X820.3[经济管理—产业经济]