土地利用/覆被变化与植被盖度的遥感监测--以北京市密云县为例  

Land Use/Cover Change and Vegetation Coverage Monitoring by Remote Sensing:A Case Study of Miyun,Beijing

作　　者：盖永芹[1] 李晓兵[1] 张立[1] 李超[1] 梁燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第3期523-529,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家863项目(编号:2006AA120108);国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:30670398)。

摘　　要：土地利用/覆盖变化对植被盖度变化的影响,为提高地区植被盖度、防止水土流失提供科学依据。结果表明：①20世纪90年代密云县土地利用类型以林地和草地为主,覆盖率约为66%多;总体植被状况较好,IV级（盖度介于50%-70%）和V级（盖度大于70%）植被覆盖率约为40%多;②林地、城乡居民用地、水体和未利用地面积增加,耕地、草地面积减少,变幅最大的是草地,其次为未利用地、林地;③林地的植被覆盖度较高,草地次之,耕地最低;植被盖度等级分布重心发生转移,由中覆盖度向高覆盖度移动;④中高覆盖度、高覆盖度中以林地、草地和耕地为主,对保持植被盖度起重要作用;林地面积的变化对重心转移起关键作用,而草地、耕地的波动则会影响到重心转移方向。因此,林地、草地和耕地对于保持地区植被覆盖率有重要作用,应在长期土地利用规划中坚持植树造林,保持草地、保护耕地和控制未利用地。Land use/cover is one of the core contents of global change and also an important content in eco-environment construction, playing a key role in global environmental change and sustainable development. Meanwhile, land use is the most important factor that influences land cover change while land cover change affects land use conversely. Vegetation index is a useful parameter describing land cover characteristics, which is expressed by normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI）. This article tries to study how land use types affect land cover in order to provide scientific basis for improving vegetation coverage, drawing up land use plans and preventing soil erosion with remote sensing data. We take Miyun County in Beijing as a case study. Based on remote sensing data in Miyun from 1991 to 1997, land use classification information is employed to analyze land use changes in Miyun in 1990s; vegetation coverage is also extracted from remote sensing data using NDVI as one parameter for analyzing the relationship between land use/cover change and vegetation coverage. Results show： 1）Forest and grassland are the two principal land use types in Miyun in 1990s with a total coverage of about 66%. Vegetation in study area is in good condition, and vegetation coverage of grade 4 （coverage between 50% and 70%） and grade 5（coverage above 70%） is about 40% ; 2） The areas of forest, urban, water and unused land increase, while the areas of farmland and grassland decrease. The proportion of grassland is the biggest and unused land and forest together take the second place; 3） Forest coverage is the highest, grassland second and farmland the lowest; grades of vegetation coverage center shift from medium coverage to high coverage;4）Forest, grassland and farmland are the three main land use types in medium-high and high coverage and play an important role in keeping vegetation cover. Forest area greatly influences the shifting of coverage area changes, while the other two can definitely affect shifting direct

关 键 词：土地利用/覆盖变化 植被盖度 遥感监测 密云县 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]