沥青中潜在的有害组分环境污染研究综述  

Present Research Situation of Potential Harmful Compounds in Asphalt to Environment

作　　者：才洪美[1] 王鹏[1] 王涛[1] 张玉贞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)重质油国家重点实验室,东营257061

出　　处：《石油沥青》2009年第2期1-8,共8页Petroleum Asphalt

摘　　要：沥青中含有多环芳烃、酰胺、醌、酯和苯酚等环境优先控制物,使得沥青对环境具有潜在的危害性。国内外主要针对沥青烟、沥青中多环芳烃和重金属对水体和土壤的污染进行了相关研究,结果表明沥青烟中有害物质主要是多环芳烃,且沥青烟对人体皮肤、粘膜均有刺激作用;沥青中多环芳烃在水中可以浸出,浸出量低于地下水限制指标,但高于饮用水限定指标;沥青路边的土壤存在多环芳烃污染现象,且沥青是其中一个污染源;沥青本身含有的重金属不会对水体和土壤造成污染,引起污染的重金属主要来自汽车尾气、刹车联动装置和轮胎磨耗等。在分析国内外研究的基础上,给出了改善和缓解沥青污染的研究方向。Some environmental priority control compounds such as PAHs, acidamide, quinone, ester and phenol exist in asphalt, which make asphalt has the potential pollution to environment. Research of home and abroad are aimed at the pollutin of asphalt fume, PAHs and heavy metal to water and soil, the results showed that PAHs are the major components of asphalt man skin and mucous membrane and can cause a range the equilibrium concentrations of PAHs in the leachate fume, and asphalt fume have stimulating effect on hu- of diseases ; The PAHs can leach out from asphalt and stay well below the surface water limits but also are more than the potable water limits; The analysis of soil on both sides of road presented that soil were contaminated by PAHs, and asphalt is the one of pollution source ; The heavy metals in asphalt can not cause the water and soil pollution, the heavy metals that can cause water and soil pollution come from automobile exhaust, brake and tire wear linkage devices. On the basis of research at home and abroad, this paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in the end, which let asphalt improvement toward the environmental protection.

关 键 词：沥青 环境污染 沥青烟 多环芳烃 重金属 

分 类 号：X820[环境科学与工程—环境工程]