荒漠型鼠疫疫源地疫区处理方法的初步研究  

A primary exploration on disposal of epidemic areas of plague natural foci in the desert

作　　者：张晓兵[1] 雒涛[1] 黄志光[2] 王启国[1] 潘学军[2] 朱志勇 张渝疆[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心,乌鲁木齐830002 [2]克拉玛依市疾病预防控制中心 [3]精河县疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国地方病防治》2009年第2期96-99,共4页Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases

基　　金：卫生部专项(财社[2006]186号)

摘　　要：目的探讨荒漠型大沙鼠鼠疫疫源地的疫区处理方法。方法采用磷化铝灭鼠灭蚤技术、烟雾弹灭鼠灭蚤技术、灭蚤粉灭蚤技术和热烟雾机喷雾灭蚤技术,在准噶尔荒漠鼠疫疫区进行对比实验研究。结果(1)磷化铝灭鼠的校正灭洞率为23%;(2)在烟雾弹、灭蚤粉和热烟雾3种灭蚤技术中,大沙鼠体外寄生蚤的灭效效果为3 d内烟雾弹为60.4%,灭蚤粉为86.1%,热烟雾为100%;1个月烟雾弹为45.5%,灭蚤粉为20%,热烟雾为78.6%;3个月烟雾弹为0,灭蚤粉为17.3%,热烟雾为29.1%。洞干蚤灭蚤效果为3 d内烟雾弹和热烟雾均为100%,灭蚤粉为90.9%;1个月烟雾弹和热烟雾也均为100%,灭蚤粉为80%;3个月3种方法均无明显的洞干蚤灭蚤效果,烟雾弹为0,灭蚤粉为50%,热烟雾为25%。(3)1 d处理1 hm2的成本,磷化铝熏蒸法为1 376元,烟雾弹熏蒸法为1 568元,喷洒灭蚤粉为2 516元,热烟雾喷雾为680元,由上述结果可见。结论磷化铝熏蒸灭鼠灭蚤技术虽然在其他类型的鼠疫疫源地灭鼠灭蚤效果较好,但在荒漠型大沙鼠疫源地的效果并理想。热烟雾机喷雾杀虫烟雾技术是荒漠地区大沙鼠疫源地的实施灭蚤处理的较为适合的方法,且成本低廉。Objective To evaluate the treatment of natural plague foci of the gerbil, and provide exactitude mothed for controlling plague epidemics. Methods To study aluminium phosphide , Flea Killing Fogger Pack ,depulization power and ther- mal fogger eliminate fleas, and found a suitable mothed for treatment natural loci in Junggar Basin. Results （1） The correct rate of eliminating moose hole were 23 % ; （2） The efficacy of flea killing logger pack, depulization power and thermal logger to great gerbil - fleas were 60.4% ,86.1% and 100% within 3 days ,they were 45.5% ,20% and 78.6% within a month ,and they were 0,17.3% and 29.1% within three months, respectively. The efficacy of the three motheds to flea collections from burrows were 100% ,90.9% and 100% within 3 days, they were 100% ,80% and 100% within a month, and they were 0.50% and 25%. The cost to handle one hectare for one day were 1 376 RMB, 1 568 RMB, 2 516 RMB,680 RMB by means aluminium phosphide fumigation,flea killing fogger pack,depulization power and thermal fogger respectively. From above all, we could make a conclusion. Conclusions Although aluminium phosphide fumigation had a good effect to deratization and depulization in other kind of plague region, it did not apply to disposal of epidemic areas in Junggar Basin. Thermal fogger may be the best to enforce the method of eliminating flea and lower cost.

关 键 词：疫区处理 灭鼠 灭蚤 鼠疫疫源地 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]