黄淮地区农业干旱风险综合防御技术推广应用  

The popularization and application of comprehensive techniques for reducing drought risk in agriculture in Huang-Huai Region

作　　者：王友贺[1,2,3] 朱自玺[2] 刘荣花[2] 方文松[2] 师丽魁[1,2] 谷秀杰 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,江苏南京210044 [2]河南省气象科学研究所,河南郑州450003 [3]河南省气象台,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2009年第2期5-9,16,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：2005年科技部农业科技成果转化项目(05EFN217400415)

摘　　要：充足底墒、深耕、药剂拌种、秸秆翻压还田、秸秆覆盖、有限灌溉、喷施多功能防旱剂和防御小麦干热风制剂是提高作物水分利用效率和降低干旱风险的有效措施。这些措施有利于作物生长前期土壤水分的积累,促进后期植株蒸腾作用和干物质的积累,使土壤水分从物理过程向生理过程、从无效消耗向有效支出转化。在黄淮地区的推广试验结果表明,综合运用上述几项措施后,可使小麦、玉米生育期间分别减少灌溉1-2次和1次。此外,八个推广点两年中小麦累计增产1.71亿kg,玉米累计增产2.46亿kg,累计节约水资源约10.8亿m3,取得了巨大的经济效益和社会效益。Through experiments,it was found that enough pre-sowing water,deep-ploughing,treating seeds with chemicals,returning straw into soil,straw mulching,limited irrigation,spraying drought-preventing and dry-hot wind agents are effective measures to increase water use efficiency（WUE） and reduce drought risk.Practicing comprehensive measures is favorable for soil water accumulation in early growing period and promoting transpiration ＆ dry matter accumulation in later growing period.Thus soil water consumption turns from physical process into physiological process and from inefficient consumption to efficient consumption.Applying these measures in Huang-Huai Region,irrigations can be reduced 1～2 times and 1 time in winter wheat and summer corn fields,respectively.Wheat and corn yield of eight popularization spots in two years were increased by 1.71×108 kg and 2.46×108 kg,respectively.Besides it,water resources consumption was retrenched by 1.08×109 m3.It realized tremendous economic and social benefits.

关 键 词：黄淮地区 农业 干旱 风险 综合技术 

分 类 号：S423.1[农业科学—植物保护]