江苏省儿童乙肝流行及疫苗接种状况调查  

Investigation on epidemic situation of hepatitis B virus and vaccination among children in Jiangsu province

作　　者：汪志国[1] 马福宝[1] 汤奋扬[1] 陶红[1] 黄红玉[1] 周羚[1] 羊海涛[1] 葛均 

机构地区：[1]江苏省疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,南京210009 [2]江苏省卫生厅

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2009年第4期483-485,共3页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：卫生部2006年全国人群乙肝等有关疾病血清学调查(卫疾控发[2006]353号)

摘　　要：目的分析江苏省儿童乙肝疫苗接种和乙肝流行现状,评价乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫规划管理后的效果。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,调查城乡监测点1～14岁常住儿童1894名,进行乙肝疫苗接种情况以及乙肝感染主要危险因素问卷调查;采集静脉血,用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测血清中乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)、乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)。结果江苏省1～14岁城市儿童乙肝疫苗接种率、首针及时接种率分别为97.13%,78.43%,农村儿童分别为95.15%,57.96%;1～14岁儿童HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBs阳性率、抗-HBc阳性率、乙肝病毒(HBV)感染流行率经标化调整后分别为1.10%,70.02%,3.40%,5.53%。结论江苏省乙肝疫苗纳入免疫规划效果显著,5岁以下儿童HBsAg阳性率已降至1%以下,乙肝疫苗接种率和首针及时率逐年提高。Objective To analyze the situation of hepatitis B virus（HBV） infection and vaccination and to evaluate the immunization effects after hepatitis B vaccine involved in the expanded program on immunization（EPI）. Methods A survey for 1 894 children aged 1 - 14 years old was carded out in national surveillance sites using multistage cluster randomized sampling method. Every child＇ s hepatitis B immunization history and main risk factors were investigated through questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected and tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc by ELISA method. Results Among the children the rates of hepatitis B vaccine inoculation and timeliness of birth dose in urban area were 97. 13% and 78. 43% ,but the rates in rural area were 95. 15% and 57. 96% ,respectively. The age standardized positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs,anti-HBc and HBV infection were 1.10% ,70. 02% ,3.40% and 5.53% ,respectively. Conclusion Achievement in hepatitis B control and prevention has been made in Jiangsu province since hepatitis B vaccine was brought into EPI. The positive rate of HBsAg was below 1% for children aged less than 5 years old. The rates of hepatitis B vaccine inoculation and timeliness of birth dose were increased.

关 键 词：乙肝疫苗 乙型肝炎表面抗原 接种率 儿童 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]