嫁接对茄子连作土壤生物活性及种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of grafting on eggplant seed germination and seedling growth and soil biological activity under continuous cropping.

作　　者：尹玉玲[1] 周宝利[1] 李云鹏[2] 王茹华[3] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110161 [2]黑龙江大学农业资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150080 [3]黑龙江八一农垦大学,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2009年第4期638-642,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30771469);国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BADA6B02);辽宁省教育厅高等学校创新团队项目(2006T118);辽宁省教育厅高等学校科研资助项目(2004D206)

摘　　要：研究了嫁接茄根系分泌物对黄萎菌菌丝生长的影响,嫁接对茄子根际土壤黄萎菌数量、酶活性和微生物种群数量影响及嫁接正重茬土壤水提液对茄子种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在培养4～5d,嫁接茄根系分泌物显著抑制了黄萎菌菌落生长;嫁接茄土壤黄萎菌数量在不同时期均显著低于对照;总体上,嫁接茄根际脱氢酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶较对照有所增强;嫁接还表现出根际微生物总量、细菌、放线菌数量增加,真菌数量减少,细菌数比真菌数和放线菌数比真菌数增加;嫁接茄正重茬土壤水提液表现出促进茄子发芽和幼苗生长(根长除外),重茬自根茄土壤水提液抑制了茄子发芽和幼苗生长。This paper studied the effects of grafted eggplant root exudates on the mycelium growth of Verticillium dahliae, effects of grafting on eggplant rhizosphere soil enzyme activity, V. dahliae amount, and microbial population, and effects of aqueous extracts of alternately and continuously cropped grafted eggplant soils on eggplant＇s seed germination and seedling growth. The results showed that in 4-5 days incubation, grafted eggplant root exudates inhibited the mycelium growth of V. dahliae significantly. In grafted eggplant rhizosphere soil, the dehydrogenase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities were generally higher, and the V. dahliae amount at different growth stages of eggplant was all significantly lower, compared with those in non-grafted eggplant rhizosphere soil. Grafting changed the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure, i. e. , increased the amount of bacteria and actinomyces and decreased the amount of fungi, resulting in an increase of the ratios of bacteria to fungi and of actinomyces to fungi. The aqueous extracts of alternately and continuously cropped grafted eggplant soils promoted eggplant＇ s seed germination and seedling growth （except root length）, while the extracts of continuously cropped self-rooted eggplant soil inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth.

关 键 词：嫁接 连作 根系分泌物 黄萎菌 土壤酶 根际微生物 

分 类 号：S641.1[农业科学—蔬菜学] S344.4[农业科学—园艺学]