乙酰乳酸合成酶基因在芸苔属栽培种内的遗传变异  

Genetic variation of acetolactate synthase gene among cultivated brassica species

作　　者：李汝刚[1] JamesR.McFerson 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院生物技术研究中心

出　　处：《生物多样性》1998年第1期6-12,共7页Biodiversity Science

摘　　要：利用乙酰乳酸合成酶（ａｃｅｔｏｌａｃｔａｔｅｓｙｎｔｈａｓｅ，ＡＬＳ）基因开发抗除草剂的转基因植物引起了植物分子生物学家的广泛兴趣。了解农业上重要物种中ＡＬＳ基因的结构、组织、功能及其遗传变异是十分必要的。在芸苔属植物中，ＡＬＳ基因以多基因家族的形式存在。本研究采用ＰＣＲ技术试图：１）揭示ＡＬＳ基因在芸苔属３个栽培种（Ｂｒａｓｉｃａｒａｐａ，Ｂ．ｏｌｅｒａｃｅａ和Ｂ．ｎａｐｕｓ）间的遗传变异；２）确定在种、亚种和品种３个水平上ＡＬＳ基因变异的分布；３）评价利用由ＡＬＳ基因产生的遗传标记区分Ｂ．ｎａｐｕｓ品种的可行性。研究表明，ＡＬＳ基因在芸苔属亚种间和品种间存在广泛的遗传变异，但遗传变异的程度在不同的种内各有不同；在亚种水平上，Ｂ．ｏｌｅｒａｃｅａ种内的遗传变异比Ｂ．ｎａｐｕｓ种内的遗传变异低，但比Ｂ．ｒａｐａ种内的遗传变异高；在Ｂ．ｎａｐｕｓ品种间发现了相当大的遗传变异，表明ＡＬＳ基因可用于区分Ｂ．ｎａｐｕｓ的品种。The importance of utilizing acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene to create herbicideresistant plant attracted the interest of plant molecular biologists. Understanding the structure, organization, function and the variation of ALS gene in agronomically important species is essential to transfer the resistance. ALS gene was demonstrated to be multigene family among Brassica species. The objectives of this study are (1) to reveal variation of ALS gene among cultivated B. rapa, B. oleracea, and B. napus; (2) to determine how variation for ALS gene is distributed at the species, subspecies and accessions level; (3) to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing genetic marker from ALS gene family to discriminate accessions of B. napus. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to reach the three objectives. Extensive variation for ALS gene family exists among Brassica subspecies and accessions. The degree of genetic variation differed within different species. At the subspecies level, variation within B. oleracea was lower than that within B. napus, but higher than that within B. rapa. Significant variation was found among accessions of B. napus indicating that the ALS gene family may be used to discriminate among individual accessions.

关 键 词：芸苔属 乙酰乳酸合成酶 遗传变异 

分 类 号：S565.403.2[农业科学—作物学]