裂叶沙参分布区域和生物学生态学习性的调查  

INVESTIGATION ON THE DISTRIBUTION AREA AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF ADENOPHORA LOBOPHYLLA (CAMPANULACEAE),AN ENDANGERED SPECIES

作　　者：张文辉[1] 祖元刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学森林植物开放研究实验室

出　　处：《植物研究》1998年第2期209-217,共9页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：濒危植物裂叶沙参（ＡｄｅｎｏｐｈｏｒａｌｏｂｏｐｈｙｌａＨｏｎｇ）已发现的天然分布区在四川西北部金川县的安宁、曾大、卡撒、马尔邦、观音桥五个乡，分布面积估计不超过５０００ｋｍ２，根据文献记载和５０年代采集的标本分析，裂叶沙参的分布区正在缩小。裂叶沙参以有性生殖为主，在外界干挠和春旱严重的条件下也营无性生殖。在海拔２７００ｍ以下地区，裂叶沙参星散分布，生长发育不良，年龄结构老化，种群呈衰退趋势。在较为适生的海拔区间（２７００－２９００ｍ），裂叶沙参生长正常，花果产量高，年龄结构合理。在海拔２９００ｍ以上地区，裂叶沙参分蘖数、花果量减少，个体寿命缩短。裂叶沙参所处群落可分为山杨、山棉花林；旱生多刺灌丛或灌丛；旱生灌草丛；和旱生草丛。裂叶沙参种群在各群落中均为伴生种。The endangered species Adenophora lobophylla population distributes in the northwest area of Sichuan province Jinchuan county,the all area is estimated not more than 500 km 2.According to evidence of the literature and spacemen collected in 1950's,the distribution of A.lobophylla population is reducing.In the normal condition,the reproduction of A.lobophylla ppopulation is mainly sexual.However,when suffered the external serious disturbance and drought in the spring,it could make asexual reproduction.The distribution area below altitude 2700m A.lobophylla population performs scatter distributive pattern,not good at growth and development, and declining tendancy of population.In the better condition,at altitude 2700-2900m the A.lobophylla population performs normal growth and development,higher yield of flower and fruit and reasonable age structure.Above the altitude 3000m,the number of stem tiller,flower and fruit is decreased,and the life span is shortened.The communities including A.lobophylla populations could be classed to be Populus davidiana Dode forest;xerophilous thorny brushwood or brushland;xerophilous brush grassland and xerophilous thick growth of grass.A.lobophylla populations live in these communities and are influenced by many external factors.

关 键 词：濒危植物 裂叶沙参 生物学生态学 

分 类 号：Q949.783.2[生物学—植物学] Q948.571