75490例妇女乳腺疾病筛查及流行病学因素探讨  

Screening and epidemiological factors of breast diseases among 75490 women

作　　者：曾颖 何文山 王唯 李汉金 张云珍 程兆明[4] 

机构地区：[1]广东省深圳市计划生育技术服务中心,518028 [2]广东省深圳市福田区计生中心 [3]广东省深圳市罗湖区计生中心 [4]暨南大学医学院

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2009年第11期1465-1467,共3页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：广东省人口和计划生育委员会项目(粤人口计生委〔2004〕55号)

摘　　要：目的:了解深圳地区妇女乳腺疾病和乳腺癌的发病情况,探讨其相关流行病学危险因素,研究预防乳腺癌的可能干预措施,并为政府提供医学信息资源。方法:利用计划生育技术服务机构网络,在深圳市、区的计生中心开展妇科病普查的同时,进行乳腺疾病尤其是乳腺癌的筛查,包括乳腺的临床触诊、红外线乳腺扫描、高频B超、X线钼/铑双靶乳房摄片、内分泌激素6项测定以及病理组织学检查等方法。结果:共筛查75 490例妇女,82 800例次。经筛查发现,乳腺疾病总患病率为39.7%;乳腺增生症有30 927例(37.4%),乳腺纤维腺瘤1 431例(1.7%),乳腺囊肿1 276例(1.5%),乳腺导管扩张症95例(0.1%),乳腺癌62例(74.9/10万)。结论:筛查发现育龄期妇女的乳腺疾病患病率颇高,以乳腺增生症最常见,多次人工流产可能是其发病的高危因素之一;乳腺纤维腺瘤在30～39岁年龄组患病率最高,比文献所载的年龄推迟;乳腺癌的发病年龄高峰在40～55岁,比国外的发病高峰年龄提前10年。流行病学问卷分析提示,在新兴移民城市深圳,上述各种乳腺疾病的高患病率可能与职业女性工作压力大、节奏快、生活方式时尚、饮食习惯改变以及环境污染等因素有关。Objective ： To observe the morbidities of breast diseases and breast cancer of women in Shenzhen, explore risk factors of epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer. Methods ： Questionnaire, palpation, infra scan, B - type ultrasound, mammography, pathological examination and sex hormones detection were employed in the study. Results： The total morbidity of breast diseases among 75 490 women was 39. 7% ; 30 927 cases （37.4%） were found hyperplasia of mammary glands, 1 431 cases （ 1.7% ） were found fibroadenoma of breast, 1 276 cases （1.5%） were found mammary cyst, 95 cases （0. 1% ） were found mammary ductectasis, 62 cases （74. 9/100 000 ） were found breast cancer. Conclusion： The morbidity of breast diseases in women during child - bearing period is high, hyperplasia of mammary glands is major breast diseases, whose high risk factor is recurrent abortion; the morbidity of fibroadenoma of breast in women aged 30 - 39 years is the highest ; high morbidity of breast cancer is found in women aged 40 - 55 years. The high morbidity of breast diseases maybe related to work stress, the modem life style and the contaminated environments in Shenzhen.

关 键 词：乳腺病筛查 患病率 危险因素 

分 类 号：R655.8[医药卫生—外科学]