秦始皇帝陵近臣侍卫郎官俑与中国古代文明——“兵马俑”证谬  

Courtiers and Guards Figurines in Emperor Qinshihuang's Tomb and Chinese Ancient Civilization——On the False Views about Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses

作　　者：刘九生[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《唐都学刊》2009年第2期1-14,共14页Tangdu Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(05BZS022);教育部人文社科基地重点研究项目(06JJD77019)

摘　　要：秦始皇帝陵陪葬坑的相关问题应该在中国古代文明的大背景下进行讨论。本文经考证认定,陪葬坑出土的群俑,并非像现在认定的那样是"兵马俑"、"军阵"或者"宿卫军",而是唯始皇帝方能拥有、方能动用的近臣侍卫系统,即"郎系统"真人真马真车及其装备的复制。整个场面呈现的,是始皇帝出入或即将举行礼仪盛典时基本范式的生动写照,而非所谓"兵强马壮的秦国军队的形象记录"。"郎系统"作为一种建制或体制力量,意味着秦人贵族血缘亲属关系的超稳定结构及其更为古老的史前渔猎传统,关乎秦国家机器的运作,关乎秦国之兴与秦朝之亡。Problems about the funerary pits of Emperor Qinshihuang should be studies in the background of Chinese ancient civilization. Investigations indicate that figurines in the funerary pits of Emperor Qinshihuang are exact imitations of actual chariots, horses, drivers and the relevant equipments, ie. the courtiers and guards system in the complete control of Emperor Qinshihuang himself instead of the mighty underground army of the Qin Dynasty. The overall scene vividly conjures up the grand spectacle of Emperor Qinshihuang leaving or going back the court, or the occasion before a grand ceremony instead of military power of the Qin Dynasty. As an organizational system or power, the courtiers and guards system suggests the stability of blood relationship among nobles in the Qin Dynasty as well as the fishing and hun- ting traditions in pre -historic age. In addition, the courtiers and guards system is closely associated with functioning of state apparatus and even rise and fall of the Qin Dynasty.

关 键 词：秦始皇帝陵 郎官俑 礼仪 兵马俑 军阵 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]