中国电力企业进入南非市场的策略研究  

A Study on the Strategies of Chinese Power Enterprises on Entering the South African Market

作　　者：毛明来[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院金融研究所博士后流动站,北京100732 [2]国家开发银行,北京100032

出　　处：《中外能源》2012年第11期20-27,共8页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：中国电力企业实施"走出去"战略势在必行,而中国和南非之间不平衡的供电布局为中国企业进入南非电力市场提供了机遇。南非是非洲头号电力生产大国,2011年发电量为262549GW.h,到2030年全国总发电容量将达到89532MW。南非国家电力公司(Eskom)是集发电、供电、配电于一体的垄断性电力公司,发电量占南非全国发电量的95%以上,同时南非电量的进出口均由其来完成。南非政府拟对电力行业进行市场化改革,打破Eskom厂网一体的垄断局面,但考虑到电力行业的重要性,在可预见的未来Eskom仍将占据十分重要的位置。SWOT分析表明,中国电力企业进入南非市场具备一定的优势,也面临一些机遇,但同时也存在各种劣势和威胁,如对南非认知度较低、缺乏工程总承包能力和复合型国际工程管理人才、经验相对不足、南非汇率波动较大等。中国电力企业欲进入南非,应注重培养国际化人才,加强对南非国情市场的调研;充分利用优惠政策;寻找理想的BEE合作伙伴,将新能源作为投资和承包重点;加强与金融机构的合作,有效规避汇率风险;通过并购方式快速进入南非市场。'Go abroad' is an imperative strategy for Chinese power producers.The imbalance between the layouts of power supply facilities in China and South Africa has created an opportunity for Chinese power pro ducers to access the South African power market.South Africa is the biggest power producer in Africa.In 2011,the country produced 262549GW.h of power and this figure is expected to reach 89532MW by 2030.Eskom,the monopoly of the South African power market,is a power company integrating power generation,supply and distribution,with its power output representing over 95% of the country ′ s power production.The company also has the exclusive right of importing and exporting power.The South African government is plan ning a market-oriented reform to its power industry,which will break Eskom′ s monopoly of the power plant and grid sectors.However,given the significance of the power industry,we expect Eskom to remain dominant in South Africa′s power market in the foreseeable future.SWOT analysis shows that Chinese power companies will have some advantages when they try to enter the South African market although they will also face some challenges and threats.Major challenges for them include insufficient knowledge of South Africa,the lack of EPC contracting ability and inter-disciplinary international project management personnel,lack of experience and high fluctuations in exchange rates in South Africa.Chinese power companies with a plan to enter South Africa should put a premium on the education of personnel with global awareness,strengthen their surveys and studies of the South African market,take advantage of policy incentives,look for ideal BEE partners,give alternative energy priority when making investment and contracting decisions,strengthen their cooperation with financial institutions to evade foreign exchange risks,and quickly enter the South African market through merger and acquisition.

关 键 词：南非电力市场Eskom 国际化人才 汇率风险 新能源 并购 SWOT 分析 

分 类 号：F426.61[经济管理—产业经济]