长江口环境条件对日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)鳗苗溯河洄游的影响  

Environmental Effects on Upstream Migration of Glass Eels(Anguilla japonica) in Yangtze Estuary

作　　者：管卫兵[1] 丁华腾[1] 宣富君[1] 戴小杰[1] 朱江峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]大洋生物资源开发和利用上海高校重点实验室,上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋通报》2009年第2期65-70,共6页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：上海市教委一般项目资助(2006);上海市重点学科建设项目资助(T1101)

摘　　要：长江口是日本鳗鲡鳗苗的主要产区,利用2007年1-5月在长江口的长兴岛、横沙和杭州湾小洋山4个取样点得到的日本鳗鲡鳗苗渔获量数据,初步研究了鳗苗的补充时间分布以及补充量与潮汐、月相等环境因素之间的关系。发现鳗苗在长江口的补充时间从1月下旬开始到5月中旬结束,鳗苗日产量峰值出现日期从长江口外向内逐渐推迟,与其洄游路线一致。长江口附近潮汐为半月潮,每月有两次涨落潮,鳗苗溯河量与潮汐周期呈现一定的节律性,每月有两次鳗苗峰值。河口区鳗苗溯河具有潮流选择性,长江口内鳗苗溯河量起汛潮多于落汛潮;长江口外鳗苗溯河量和潮汐振幅呈现正相关趋势。日本鳗鲡鳗苗的溯河量与月相变化也有一定的关系;朔月望月的平均单网捕捞量之和占总平均单网捕捞量的93.13%,而上下弦只占6.87%。经过方差检验,朔月鳗苗溯河量多于望月,且二者之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。Though environmental factors affecting the upstream migration of eels in Chang Xing island, Heng Sha island and Xiao Yang mountain, studies were conducted from January to May in 2007. The migration of glass eel begins with January and ends up in May, and the time of day production peak is delayed from internal to area external area of Yangtze estuary, which is consistent with the migrating route of eels. The upstream migration of glass eels was found to be consistent with tide cycle and lunar phase. Glass eels use the behavioral pattern of semidiurnal vertical migration called selective tidal stream transport, and a greater number of glass eels were caught during flood tide than that during ebb tide. When glass eels arriving in internal Yangtze estuary, more glass eels will be caught during the tidal level rises day by day based on the half a month tidal level curve. Spring and neap tide will occur twice per month in Yangtze estuary. The abundance of the eels is related with tide cycle positively. That＇s to say there are two peak periods every month in the abundance of the eel. The lunar phase was investigated in relation to the abundance of glass eels. The influence of lunar phase appeared to be expressed both though tides and moonlight. The catch at new moon and full moon accounts for 93.13 % of the total catches, but at new moon there were more glass eels than at full moon. The catch at the waxing moon and the waning moon only accounts for 6.87 % of the total catches. There is significant difference in the amount between the new moon and full moon, and between the waxing moon and waning moon.

关 键 词：日本鳗鲡 鳗苗 溯河 补充 潮汐 长江口 

分 类 号：Q178.53[生物学—水生生物学]