失效锂离子电池有机物真空脱除和浸出研究  

Removal of Organic Component Batteries by Vacuum Distillation and Leaching of Electrode Materials from Spent Lithium Ions Batteries

作　　者：揭晓武[1] 王成彦[1] 李敦钫[1] 尹飞[1] 陈永强[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京矿冶研究总院冶金研究设计所,北京100044

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2010年第8期53-56,共4页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目资助(50734005)

摘　　要：文章采用真空蒸发热处理的方法脱除废弃失效的锂离子电池中的有机物,加热温度为220~500℃,真空炉内压力150Pa,恒温处理时间1h。除有机物被脱除外,当处理温度为280℃时形成了CoO和Li2CO3。温度升高至350℃时,主要的物相为LiCoO2、CoO、Co3O4和Co,以及少量Li2CO3。在超声场中将电极材料与铝、铜箔集流体分离,然后分别用含亚硫酸钠的硫酸溶液和氨性溶液处理电极材料。当用含亚硫酸钠的硫酸溶液浸出经280℃脱除有机物的电极材料时,钴元素基本被浸出。而用氨性溶液浸出经350℃脱除有机物的电极材料时,钴元素的浸出率很低。为了提高钴的浸出率,真空热处理的温度应介于280~350℃之间。Organic matters in spent lithium ion batteries were removed by vacuum distillation at temperature of 220℃~500℃ under vacuum pressure of 150Pa for 1h.CoO and Li2CO3 appeared at 280℃,while LiCoO2,CoO,Co3O4,Co and a little Li2CO3 existed in the vacuum distilled residue at 350℃ except for removal of organic materials.Electrode materials were separated from current collectors of aluminum foil and copper foil in the residue in ultrasonic field,and were then leached in Na2SO3 contained sulphate acid solution or ammonia solution.As a result,almost all of cobalt element in the electrode materials treated at 280℃ by vacuum distillation could be dissolved into sulphate acid.On the contrary,cobalt element in the electrode materials treated at 350℃ was hardly leached out in ammonia solution.Accordingly,vacuum distillation temperature should range between 280℃ to 350℃.

关 键 词：失效锂离子电池 真空蒸发 有机物 浸出 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]