汶川地震中古建筑的震害调查与启示  

Seismic damage investigation and analysis of ancient buildings in Wenchuan earthquake

作　　者：谢启芳[1,2] 薛建阳[1] 赵鸿铁[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,陕西西安710055 [2]同济大学土木工程防灾国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《建筑结构学报》2010年第S2期18-23,共6页Journal of Building Structures

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(59878043);陕西省教育厅自然专项基金项目(09JK548)

摘　　要：根据对四川都江堰、绵竹,陕西宝鸡、宁强等地震灾区的古建筑的震害调查结果以及相关调研资料,对我国古建筑在汶川地震中的震害进行了分析。分析结果表明:木结构古建筑由于采用了榫卯连接、柱子"平摆浮搁"于础石上等技术,使得大部分木结构古建筑只发生溜瓦、饰物掉落等轻微破坏或"墙倒屋不塌"的中等破坏,只有少数年久失修或场地不合理的木结构古建筑发生整体垮塌破坏,表现出良好的抗震性能;由于材料强度低及块体之间粘结性能差,砖砌体结构古建筑和石砌体结构古建筑的破坏比木结构古建筑的破坏严重,很多建筑发生整体倒塌或部分倒塌。基于分析结果得到了一些启示:加强古建筑的保护,推广使用木结构建筑,推广使用隔震减震技术。According to the seismic damage investigation and analysis of ancient buildings located in Dujiangyan and Mianzhu in Sichuan Province,Baoji and Ningqiang in Shanxi Province,as well as relevant research results,the following conclusions are obtained: the seismic performance of timber structure ancient buildings(TSAB) is better than that of masonry structure ancient buildings(MSAB) using bricks or stones;most of TSAB were only slightly damaged with tiles or decoration shedding,or moderately damaged with collapsed walls but structure standing,and just a few TSAB structurally collapsed while many MSAB were serious damaged in the same areas,the reasons are some special techniques were used in TSAB such as mortise-tenon joints as well as'flat swing and floating positioning',while the material and the bond of MSAB were with low strength.Based on this research,several suggestions are given: enhancing the protection of ancient buildings,promoting the use of timber structure buildings and the seismic isolation and reduction technique.

关 键 词：汶川地震 震害调查 古建筑 木结构建筑 

分 类 号：TU366.2[建筑科学—结构工程]