低矮异型建筑风环境的数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of wind environment around low-rise specially shaped buildings

作　　者：朱海[1] 彭兴黔[1] 高志飞[1] 杨蓉[1] 刘春艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]华侨大学土木工程学院,福建泉州362021

出　　处：《建筑结构学报》2010年第S2期187-192,219,共7页Journal of Building Structures

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(2009J01255);厦门市科技计划高校创新项目(3502Z20083039);泉州市科技计划重点项目(2007G7);风工程与桥梁工程湖南省重点实验室开放基金项目(2009-01)

摘　　要：低矮异型建筑的风环境与建筑的自身体型、周围建筑、风向等因素有着十分复杂的关系,较精确地预测建筑物的风环境,探讨其内在的机理与规律,对此类建筑具有重要的意义。基于计算流体动力学软件CFX,采用SSTk-ω湍流物理模型和非结构化网格,并在离地面一定高度内采用覆层细化网格,利用混合迎风格式和不同风向角对福建土楼中的圆形土楼、方形土楼建筑进行数值模拟,得出行人高度处的风速比、风矢量,采用风环境评价方法对异型建筑的风环境进行评价,特别指出风环境不良的区域。计算结果表明:土楼建筑对场内呈现明显的遮挡效应,土楼院内的房屋能改变行人高度处的流场,使平均风速比减小。土楼的天井给楼内提供一个气流交换的通道,维持了楼内的空气质量和热量,形成一个微气候环境。通过数值模拟可以较全面地获得建筑物内外各个区域的风速和流动情况,为风环境的评估提供依据,是一种确实可行的、有效的方法。The wind environment around low-rise specially shaped buildings has a very complex relationship with the factors such as the layout of itself,surrounded buildings and the wind incidence direction.A more accurate prediction of the wind environment around buildings and the exploring of its inner mechanism and laws will play an important role to improve people′s living environment.This study uses the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) software CFX,the SST k-ω turbulence physics model,unstructured meshes,detailed grids with cladding within a certain height from the ground,hybrid upwind scheme and different wind incidence directions in the numerical simulation of the wind environment of several buildings including circular and square Fujian Tulou(Earth building).The wind speed ratio and wind vector at the pedestrian height above the ground are deduced.Environmental assessment method is used in the evaluation of the wind environment around the specially shaped buildings.Particularly,the areas with undesirable wind environment are pointed out.The results indicate that Tulou performs significant block effect to its inner courtyard.The flow field of pedestrian height can be changed by the building in the courtyard,resulting in the decrease of the average wind speed ratio.The courtyard acts as an air exchange channel,maintains the air quality and heat inside the building and forms a micro-climate environment.The wind speed and the air flow in various regions inside and outside the building deduced by numerical simulation can provide a basis for the assessment of wind environment.

关 键 词：异型建筑 福建土楼 数值模拟 风环境 

分 类 号：TU312.1[建筑科学—结构工程]