沟垄集雨结合砾石覆盖对沙棘生长的影响  

Effects of ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting system with gravel mulch on growth of sea buckthorn

作　　者：马育军[1,2] 李小雁[1,2] 伊万娟[2] 崔步礼[2] 李岳坦[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2010年第S2期188-194,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2007BAC30B02);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-08-0056);中国林业科学研究院林业研究所协作项目(ZD200907)

摘　　要：为了解沟垄集雨结合覆盖措施在高寒半干旱地区生态环境保护和恢复中的应用效果,该文以青海湖流域为例,基于野外试验分析了高寒半干旱地区沟垄集雨结合砾石覆盖对沙棘生长的影响。结果表明:试验区所在地2009年膜垄(窄垄)、土垄(窄垄)和平地3种处理产流后的集流效率分别为62%、33%和23%;沟垄栽植沙棘成活率平均为49%,比平地栽植的成活率高27%,同等条件下窄垄的沙棘成活率(59%)高于宽垄(40%),垄上覆膜和沟内覆砾石处理的沙棘成活率较低;相对于平地栽植而言,沟垄集雨结合砾石覆盖可以有效促进沙棘生长,但丰水年宽垄结合砾石覆盖条件下沟内贮存的水分过多则可能抑制其生长;小雨条件下砾石覆盖的雨水拦截作用和保墒作用在一定程度上相互补偿并导致其对沙棘叶片水势的影响不明显。因此,沟垄集雨结合砾石覆盖可以促进沙棘成活和生长,但应结合各地降水特征并根据植被的需水规律确定合适的处理措施。In order to understand the role of ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting(RFRH) system with gravel mulch for the eco-environmental projection and recovery in the cold and semi-arid areas of high plateau,a field study was conducted to investigate the effect of RFRH system with gravel mulch on the growth of sea buckthorn in Lake Qinghai Watershed.It showed that the average runoff efficiency was 62%、33%、23% for the plastic-covered ridge(narrow),uncovered ridge(narrow) and flat land after the runoff was produced at the experimental site in 2009,respectively.The survival rate of sea buckthorn for RFRH system with gravel mulch was 49%,27% higher than the flat land,while it was also higher for narrow ridge(59%) than for wide ridge(40%) in the same conditions.In the contrary,the survival rate of sea buckthorn for plastic-covered ridge and gravel-covered furrow was low.Compared with the flat land,RFRH system with gravel mulch could accelerate the growth of sea buckthorn significantly,but too much water in the furrow may restrain the growth of sea buckthorn,in the case of wide ridge with gravel mulch in a wet year.Because of the interaction between the interception loss of precipitation and soil moisture conservation by mulch,the effect of RFRH system with gravel mulch on leaf water potential was not obvious during light rainfall events.In summary,RFRH system with gravel mulch could accelerate the survival and growth of sea buckthorn,but it is essential to determine appropriate measures of RFRH system based on the precipitation properties and vegetation water requirements.

关 键 词：沟垄集雨 砾石覆盖 降雨 沙棘 青海湖流域 

分 类 号：S793.6[农业科学—林木遗传育种]