覆盖及水质对土壤水盐状况及油葵产量的影响  

Effects of ground coverage measure and water quality on soil water salinity distribution and helianthus yield

作　　者：毕远杰[1] 王全九[1,2] 雪静[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水利水电学院,西安710048 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2010年第S1期83-89,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-N-003);国家自然科学基金(50879067)

摘　　要：为了分析不同地面覆盖措施及灌溉水矿化度对土壤水盐分布特征及油葵产量影响,该文以无地面覆盖措施为对比,研究了秸秆覆盖和地膜覆盖条件下,采用不同矿化度微咸水进行灌溉时的土壤水盐分布情况以及油葵部分生理指标及产量特征。结果表明:无论是采用淡水还是微咸水灌溉,与无覆盖措施相比较,秸秆覆盖和地膜覆盖均能有效的减少棵间蒸发,起到蓄水保墒的作用,且能有效地降低油葵主根层土壤的积盐程度;地面覆盖措施不同,油葵主根层土壤含水率随灌溉水矿化度的变化而变化的规律不同;灌溉水矿化度相同时,采取地面覆盖措施处理的油葵产量普遍大于不覆盖处理。因而采用微咸水灌溉油葵时,结合以一定的地面覆盖措施是十分必要的。In order to analyze the effect of soil surface mulching measures and different salinity of irrigation water on soil water salinity distribution and helianthus yield, soil water and salinity distributional characteristics, part of physiologic index and yield of helianthus were studied with different salinity of irrigation water under the conditions of straw mulching and plastic mulching compared with the treatments without ground coverage. The results showed that the measures of straw mulching and plastic mulching could decrease soil evaporation effectively and depress surface salt accumulation degree of helianthus taproot layer regardless with fresh water or saline water for irrigation. Under different ground coverage measure, the change rule of soil average moisture content of helianthus taproot layer with the salinity of irrigation water was different. And the yield of helianthus of the treatment with ground coverage measure was usually larger than that without ground coverage under the same salinity of irrigation water. As a result, it is necessary to take ground coverage measure when irrigating with saline water.

关 键 词：微咸水 灌溉 土壤 秸秆覆盖 地膜覆盖 油葵 

分 类 号：S565.5[农业科学—作物学]