明亮熊蜂在温室杏园的活动规律及其影响因子分析?  

Foraging Activities of Bombus lucorum L.and Influencing Factors in Greenhouse of Apricot

作　　者：吴杰[1] 黄家兴 安建东[1] 李继莲[1] 施海燕[1] 邢艳红 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所,北京100093 [2]北京市平谷区种植业服务中心,北京101200

出　　处：《蜜蜂杂志》2007年第S1期8-12,共5页Journal of Bee

基　　金：农业结构调整重大技术研究专项(05-05-02A);农业科技成果转化资金项目(2006GB23260392);国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD06B04)资助。

摘　　要：熊蜂是温室杏园的理想授粉昆虫,国内外已广泛利用熊蜂为温室杏花授粉,因此,对温室杏园熊蜂的活动规律及其影响因子进行分析具有重要的实践指导意义。对温室杏园明亮熊蜂的活动规律及其影响因子进行观测,利用SAS8.0进行简单相关性和多重逐步回归分析,结果表明:整个花期明亮熊蜂的采集活动比较活跃,将明亮熊蜂放入温室后第三天即开始正常的采集活动,其中采粉高峰期约为9天,开花后期明亮熊蜂采粉活动出现明显的下降趋势,而其采集活动还是比较活跃,每天的进出巢蜂数还在100只以上。明亮熊蜂日采集活动呈现两个明显的高峰期,分别在9:30-11:00和13:30-15:30,采粉活动也出现两个高峰期,第一个采粉高峰期与飞行活动高峰期重合,第二个采粉高峰期比第二个飞行活动高峰期稍微滞后,其活动高峰期为15:00-16:00。明亮熊蜂采集活动变化与湿度、花蜜浓度呈负相关,而与温度、光强、花蜜重量、花粉量呈正相关,但只有湿度、花蜜量、花粉量达到显著水平。多重逐步回归分析表明湿度和花粉量是影响明亮熊蜂采集活动变化的主要因子,具有显著的直接效应,而其他影响因子起间接效应。Bumblebees are known to be very effective and efficient pollinators for greenhouse apricot.They were widely used in crop pollination of greenhouse in domestic and foreign in recent years,So it is important to analyze the flight activity and influencing factor of bumblebees in the apricot green house.Foraging activities of bumblebee and influence factors were studied by both simple correlation and multiple selection regression analysis use SAS 8.0.The results showed that bumblebee foraging activity is lively during the all flowering period. It can adapt to the greenhouse environment after 3 days. The time of collecting pollen last about 9 days.Bumblebee flight activities of collecting pollen declined dramatically in the end of flowering.However.the foraging activity is also lively.The numbers of foraging bees is over 100.The daily foraging activity of bumblebee appears two peaks. The first peak is at 9:30-11:00 and the second is at 13:30-15:30o The activity of collecting pollen is also appears two peaks.The first peak is same to the flight activity peak.The second peak of collecting pollen activity is at the 15:00-16:00.Bumblebee activity was negatively correlated with humidity and nectar concentration and positively with temperature, light intensity,nectar weight and pollen quantity.It is only humidity,nectar weight and pollen quantity reaches the significant difference level.Multiple selection regression analysis revealed that humidity and pollen quantity are direct factors.Others are indirect.

关 键 词：温室杏园 明亮熊蜂 采集活动 影响因子 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学] S897.3[农业科学—园艺学]