湖南民间雕塑艺术的渊源与特征  

Origin and Characteristic of Hunan Folk Sculpture Art

作　　者：郭文光 

出　　处：《雕塑》2004年第4期42-43,共2页Sculpture

摘　　要：一、原始陶的发现 1993年秋,考古工作者在湘南道县玉蟾岩发现了我国最早超一万多年的二件陶器和三粒水稻。陶器为尖底深腹大口罐,胎厚1cm的夹粗砂褐陶,夹石英颗粒0.5cm,器物内外都拍印有近似纺织状的纹饰,显示出火候低的原始性质。与“受编织物敷泥焙烧后可以盛水的启发而发明了陶器”的推论相合。 当猿人开始掌握用火、古人懂得用火、新人懂得磨擦取火开始,火成为了人类文明进步最不可分离的伴侣。火除了照明取暖、熟食火耕之外,人们还发现泥土在烧烤后的可塑性,自从把湿泥烧制成盛物和水的陶器,人类就开始了最原始的雕塑活动了。In autumn of 1993, archaeologists discovered the earliest two articles of ceramics of over 10,000 years old and three drops of rice in Yuchan Rock in Dao County, Hunan. When pithecanthropus began to master usage of fire, the ancients knew usage of fire; modem understood grind to create fire, fire has become the inseparable partner of human civilized Improvement. Except for used for illumination, creating heat, cooking food and burning straws and weeds, people also discovered earth could be carved after barbecued. Since burning clay into thing and water filling pottery, human began the most original sculpture. In late 1970's to 1990's, a large quantity of elegant, high carving leveled, various technique of expression and age-old pottery were unearthed, many of which were earlier than Yangyao ancient painted pottery in Central Plains and most of which weren 't known by people, even profes sional sculpture workers.The bronze, ' Square Zun with the design of four sheep heads on four sides', was the most representative ware in Hunan sculpture style with a whole unit of circular engravure, high relief and chevee, which naturally and perfectly formed an elegant, exquisite and luxuriant bronze work of art.Wooden sculpture is easy to corrode thanks to long times, so it's very difficult to see wooden sculpture of primitive society. Now we can see large quantities of boards with carved flowers, bamboo carving and stone carving for buildings, etc in Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. As for rich families, their gate posts, door cases, lattice windows, tables, chairs, basin frames were carved with flowers and phoenixes, and frame beds and sedans, even close stools were carved with pattern.

关 键 词：民间雕塑 商代青铜器 出土的青铜器 陶器 装饰手法 渊源 兽面纹 高浮雕 表现手法 雕刻艺术 

分 类 号：J305[艺术—美术]