中国前寒武纪地壳演化与成矿  

Precambrian Crustal Evolution and Mineralization in China

作　　者：沈保丰[1] 杨春亮[1] 翟安民[1] 胡小蝶[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津地质矿产研究所,天津300170

出　　处：《矿床地质》2004年第S1期78-89,共12页Mineral Deposits

基　　金：地质大调查综合研究项目(编号K1.4--3-1)<前寒武纪成矿作用>资助

摘　　要：从3.8Ga到0.543Ga,中国前寒武纪地壳经历了从陆核孕育、陆块形成、古大陆的汇聚和裂解等至少7次重大的地质事件和演化阶段。与地壳演化阶段相适应,在不同演化阶段形成了各类矿床。在地壳演化早期主要是产在古陆核边缘的浅海变质火山-沉积型的条带状铁建造铁矿床。在新太古代形成与活动大陆边缘与碰撞汇聚有关的绿岩带型铁、铜锌、硫铁矿和金矿床。古元古代在华北古大陆和佳木斯微陆块主要以形成与裂谷(或被动大陆边缘)有关的铜、硼、菱镁矿、滑石、石墨、铅锌等矿床,而在扬子古大陆则形成与活动大陆边缘有关的铜、铁等矿床。随着中元古代-青白口纪中国古大陆的再次裂解和汇聚,在华北、扬子、华夏等古大陆主要形成与伸展体系作用有关的铅锌、硫铁矿、稀土-铌-铁、铜镍、铜、铁等矿床,而在华北、扬子古大陆局部地段的大陆活动边缘或岛孤带,形成与碰撞汇聚地质作用有关的铜金、铁、铜锌、金等矿床。南华纪-震旦纪,中国古大陆主体为裂解阶段,形成与此有关的磷、锰、铁、蛭石、金红石等矿床。From 3.8 Ga to 0.543 Ga, Precambrian crust in China experienced at least seven important geological events and evolutionary stages, such as continental nucleus pregnancy, landmass formation, and paleo-continent aggregation and breakup. Different evolutionary stages gave birth to different ore deposits. In the earlier period of the crustal evolution, there were mainly shallow marine metamorphic volcano-sedimentary iron deposits of bedded iron formation distributed on the paleocontinental margin. In Neoarchean, iron, copper, zinc, pyrite, and gold deposits of greenstone belt type were formed,which were related to the active continental margin and landmass collision. In Paleoproterozoic, there occurred copper,boron,magnesite,talc,graphite,lead and zinc deposits, related mainly to rifts (or passive continental margins) in the North China paleolandmass and Jiamusi microlandmass,whereas in Yangtze paleolandmass, copper,iron and some other deposits related to active continental margins were formed. The Chinese Paleolandmass experienced breakup and aggregation again in Mesoproterozoic-Qingbaikouan period and, in consequence, lead,zinc,pyrite,REE-Nb-Fe, copper, nickel and iron deposits related to the extensional system were formed in North China,Yangtze and Cathaysian Paleolandmasses,while copper,gold,zinc and iron deposits related to collisional geological function occurred in the active continental margin or island arc environment in some areas of North China and Yangzte Paleolandmass. In Nanhua -Sinian period, the Chinese Paleolandmass experienced the major breakup stage, forming phosphorus,manganese,iron,vermiculite and rutile deposits.

关 键 词：中国 前寒武纪 地壳演化 成矿 

分 类 号：P534.1[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] P612[天文地球—地质学]