不同时期追氮对冬小麦植株氮素积累及转运特性的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application at different developmental stages on nitrogen accumulation and translocation in winter wheat

作　　者：马冬云[1] 郭天财[1] 岳艳军[1] 宋晓[1] 朱云集[1] 王晨阳[1] 王永华[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学/国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2009年第2期262-268,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家科技部粮食丰产科技工程(2004BA520A-06;2006BAD02A07-1);河南省重大科技攻关(0522010100)项目资助

摘　　要：采用盆栽和大田试验相结合,并应用15N示踪技术,研究了不同时期追氮对两个不同穗型冬小麦品种植株氮素积累及转运特性的影响。结果表明,成熟期小麦植株各部位氮素积累量和分配比例均表现为子粒>茎鞘+叶>根系或颖壳+穗轴;子粒中氮素积累量以拔节期追氮处理最高,氮素在子粒中的分配比例以抽穗期追氮最高,在根系中的分配比例则以全部底施处理最高。小麦植株吸收追施15N的比例为16.45%～26.6%,兰考矮早八和豫麦49-198分别以返青期追氮和拔节期追氮吸收的比例最高;子粒中氮素来自15N的比例均以返青期追氮最高,分别为27.16%和22.20%,但和拔节期追氮处理差异不显著。随着追氮时期推迟,氮的花后同化量、花后贡献率增加,而花前贡献率呈下降趋势;全氮对子粒贡献率表现为花前转运的贡献大于花后同化的贡献,但抽穗期追氮处理中,15N对子粒的贡献率表现为花后同化率大于花前转运贡献率。综合考虑子粒产量、蛋白质含量以拔节期追氮较为合适。A series of pot and field experiments were carried out to estimate effects of nitrogen application at different developmental stages on uptake, translocation and partitioning of nitrogen in wheat（ Triticum aestivum. L）using ^15N trace methods. A Muhi-spikelet cultivar, Yumai 49-198, and a big-spikelet cuhivar, Lankao Aizao 8, were adapted as test materials. The results showed that grains had the highest nitrogen content compared to other plant organs at maturity. Partitioning proportion of nitrogen among different plant organs was： grains 〉 stems and leaf sheaths ＋ leaves 〉 glumes ＋ rachis. The maximum N accumulation was observed in treatments with nitrogen top-dressed at jointing stage. The highest partitioning proportion of nitrogen in grain was observed in the treatment with nitrogen top-dressed at heading stage, while for root was observed in the treatment with nitrogen total basal application. The results also showed that amount of ^15N uptake accounted for 16.45%-26.6% of the total nitrogen. The maximum uptake appeared in Nb treatment（nitrogen was applied at reviving stage）for Lankao Aizao 8 and in Nc（nitrogen was applied at j ointing stage）for Yumai 49-19, respectively. With delaying of N application date, the rate of nitrogen assimilation and N contribution to grains after anthesis increased. The contribution of N translocation rate to N accumulation in grain in pre-anthesis was higher than in post-anthesis. However, the contribution of labeled N assimilation post-anthesis to grain nitrogen accumulation was higher than that translocation from pre-anthesis. In conclusion, top addressing N at jointing stage was recommend in our study area considering grain yield and protein content in grain.

关 键 词：冬小麦 追氮时期 氮素积累 转运 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]