渭北旱塬冬小麦产区提前深耕一次深施肥料的肥水效应与理论分析  

Effect of water-fertilizer and theoretical analysis of deep plough-deep fertilization at one earlier time in winter wheat-growing regions of Weibei rainfed croplands

作　　者：吕殿青[1] 高华[1] 方日尧[1] 谷洁[1] 李旭晖[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2009年第2期269-275,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金："八五"国家旱地农业项目资助

摘　　要：在陕西渭北旱塬冬小麦产区麦收后对提前深耕一次深施肥料的肥水效应进行了研究。结果表明,夏收后在7月15日、8月15日、9月15日结合深耕把小麦所需肥料一次深施20 cm土层下,比播种时深耕一次浅施6 cm土层下、分二次施和分三次施明显提高了小麦产量、肥料利用率和水分利用效率;增加了麦收后土壤NO-3-N的积累量和水分贮存量。同时还发现,NO-3-N含量分布呈y=a-b.logx对数曲线模型,这可能是NO3--N在旱地土壤中分布的一种特征曲线;试验中没有产生NO3--N的淋失。文中还对提前深耕一次施肥的理论作了讨论和分析,并提出了"秋雨-冬储-春用"和"秋肥-冬储-春用"的理论概念,把两者结合起来,可达到肥水协调供应的状态。这为建立旱地施肥技术体系提供了理论依据。The Aim of this study was to explore the effect of deep plough-deep fertilization at one early time before sowing to winter wheat growth and development in Weibei tableland of Shaanxi Province, China. The results show that both nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and water use efficiency are obviously increased by using the approach of deep plough-deep fertilization at one earlier time before sowing, as well as the NO3^--N storage and water storage in the soil profile after the crop harvesting. The distribution of NO3^--N in soil profile is the logarithmic distribution which can indicated as y = a - b · logx, where y is amount of NO3^--N at a given depth, x is soil depth. This might be the characteristic pattern of the NO3^-- N distribution in rainfed farming soil. The NO3^--N leakage does not occur during the period of experiment. The theoretical meanings of the earlier deep plough-deep fertilization at one time can be explained as ＂Autumn rainfall-Winter storage- Spring use＂ and ＂Autumn fertilization-Winter storage-Spring use＂.

关 键 词：渭北旱塬 冬小麦 早深耕一次深施肥 肥水效应 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]