我国典型农田长期施肥小麦氮肥回收率的变化特征  

Change characteristic of nitrogen recovery efficiency of wheat in typical farmland of China under long-term fertilization

作　　者：李虹儒[1,2] 许景钢[1] 徐明岗[2] 李淑芹[1] 张文菊[2] 高静[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业部植物营养与养分循环重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2009年第2期336-343,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B09;2006BAD02A14);国家重点基础研究发展规划"973"项目(2007CB109308);国家基础性工作专项项目(2007FY220400)资助

摘　　要：为阐明长期不同施肥下小麦氮肥回收率的时间演变特征及空间差异,为农田氮肥合理施用及提高氮肥回收率提供科学依据,对我国典型农田土壤—(土娄)土、潮土、褐土、灰漠土、黄棕壤、黑土、中性紫色土、石灰性紫色土和红壤上设置的15～24年的长期试验的氮肥回收率及相关数据进行统计分析。结果表明,长期单施氮肥(N)、氮钾配施(NK)下,小麦氮肥回收率随时间延长而显著降低,降低速率为红壤(7.24)>黄棕壤(4.16)>(土娄)土(1.48)、中性紫色土(1.44)、潮土(1.06)>石灰性紫色土(0.60);化肥配合及与有机肥配施(NP、NPK、NPKM)的氮肥回收率在潮土、灰漠土、黄棕壤、黑土、中性紫色土上随时间变化不大。化肥配合施用(NPK)下,(土娄)土、潮土、褐土、灰漠土、黄棕壤、黑土、中性紫色土、红壤和石灰性紫色土上的小麦氮肥回收率平均值分别为76.8%、73.4%、56.4%、44.9%、44.4%、33.8%、41.7%、33.6%、26.2%。小麦氮肥回收率以北方暖温带的(土娄)土、潮土、褐土大于南方中亚热带紫色土和北方中温带的黑土。The change characteristics of nitrogen recovery efficiency （NRE） of wheat on 9 typical farmlands in China were analyzed based on the results of 15 to 24 years long-term fertilization experiments. The results showed that NRE of wheat in black soil and grey desert soil didn＇t changed markedly with time under neither single application of nitrogen （N） nor combine application of N and K （NK）, but it was decreased in other soils under same treatments with the order of decreasing rate： red soil （7.24） 〉 yellow brown soil （4.16） 〉 cumuli cinnamon soil （1.48）, neutral purple soil （1.44）, fluvo-aquic soil （1.06） 〉 lime purple soil （0.60）. Additionally, NRE of wheat with combined application of chemical fertilizers （NP and NPK） and manure （NPKM） was rather consistent with time in fluvo-aquic soil,gray desert soil, yellow brown soil, black soil and neutral purple soil. NRE under the treatment of balanced chemical fertilizers （NPK） in cumuli cinnamon soil, fluvo-aquic soil, cinnamon soil, gray desert soil, yellow brown soil, black soil, neutral purple soil, red soil and lime purple soil was 76.8% ,73.4% ,56.4 %,44.9% ,44.4%,33.8% ,41.7% ,33.6%, 26.2 %, respectively, indicating that NRE was different among the soils. NRE of soils collected from warm temperate zone of Northern China （cumuli cinnamon soil, fluvo-aquic soil, cinnamon soil and gray desert soil） were higher than the soils from the subtropical area of South China （yellow brown soil, purple soil and red soil ） and black soil in mid-temperate zone. The spatial variability of NRE had significant correlation with contents of soil organic matter, soil pH, and geographic latitude, especially for the soils from northern China.

关 键 词：长期施肥 小麦 氮肥回收率 时间演变 空间差异 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]