固体磷肥和液体磷肥对石灰性土壤不同形态无机磷及磷肥肥效影响的研究  

Influence of liquid and granular phosphorus fertilizer on soil inorganic phosphorus fractions and fertilizer efficiency in calcareous soil

作　　者：褚贵新[1] 李明发[1] 危常州[1] 胡云才[2] 国秀丽[1] 张淑英[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室/石河子大学农学院资环系,新疆石河子832000 [2]德国慕尼黑工业大学植物营养研究所,德国慕尼黑D-85350

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2009年第2期358-365,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：教育部“春晖计划”项目(z2005-2-83003);新疆兵团农业科技攻关项目(04GG03)资助

摘　　要：土壤磷固定是影响石灰性磷肥肥效的主要原因。本文在田间滴灌条件下采用连续浸提的方法对液体磷肥和固体颗粒磷肥及其不同施用方法对石灰性土壤各形态无机磷含量动态变化的影响进行了研究,并比较了不同处理下加工番茄磷素营养效应。结果表明:各施肥处理0—20 cm土层Ca2-P和Ca8-P含量随施肥时间明显下降,而Ca10-P含量则显著上升,表明磷肥在石灰性土壤中不断向Ca10-P转化并被固定。液体磷肥追肥处理0—20 cm土层Ca2-P含量在各时期均显著高于其他施肥处理(P<0.05),且液体磷肥追肥可以明显保持土壤0—20 cm土层较高的Ca8-P含量。与其他施肥处理相比,液体磷肥追施可减少石灰性土壤对磷的固定,增加0—20 cm土层Ca2-P和Ca8-P含量(P<0.05),显著提高土壤磷的有效性。液体磷肥追施处理可显著提高加工番茄叶片含磷量和经济产量(91725kg/hm2)。与传统过磷酸钙颗粒磷肥作基肥处理(CK1)相比,液体肥料全做追肥可使加工番茄经济产量提高26.7%,并明显提高了磷肥利用率。在滴灌条件下石灰性土壤上液体磷肥分次追施比传统的固体颗粒磷肥基施具有明显的优势,是一种具有应用前景的施肥方式。A large proportion of total Phosphorus（P） is unavailable to plants in calcareous soil due to rapid fixation of phosphorus into un-soluble form of P, which was not readily accessed by plant. In present study, a field experiment was carried out to compare the effects of different forms of phosphorus fertilizer sources （liquid and granular） on soil inorganic phosphorus fractions using sequence fractionation approach, and on fertilizer efficiency in calcareous soil under drip irrigation. Tomato was used as tested plant. The results showed that soil Ca2-P and Ca8-P content at the top 0-20 cm soil depth decreased statistically with application time. However, Ca10-P increased gradually indicating that P fertilizer was transformed or fixed to the form of Ca10-P after P fertilizer application. Ca2-P content in the topsoil （0-20 cm） was higher throughout the growing period under the treatment of liquid fertilizer topdressing than the others, Relative higher soil Ca8-P content was also observed during the growing stage of tomato. Compared with other treatments, liquid fertilizer application reduced soil P fixation and increased Ca2-P and Ca8-P significantly, and hence improved the P efficiency. It could also increase tomato yield （91725 kg/ha） by 26.7% compared with basal application granular P （CK1 ） and plant foliar P content. These findings suggest that compared with traditional granular phosphorus fertilizer base application, liquid phosphorus fertilizer have some potential advantage to decrease soil P fixation and enhance soil phosphorus bioavailability. Liquid phosphorus fertilizer was strongly recommended to be applied in calcareous soil under drip irrigation condition.

关 键 词：石灰性土壤 液体磷肥 固体磷肥 土壤不同形态无机磷 磷的固定 加工番茄 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]