日本与中国农业系统氮素循环的比较  

A comparative study of nitrogen cycle in food and feed systems in Japan and China

作　　者：杨居荣 王华东[1] 

机构地区：[1]日本农业环境技术研究所 [2]北京师范大学环境科学研究所环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室

出　　处：《中国环境科学》1998年第S1期80-83,共4页China Environmental Science

摘　　要：长期以来，中国和日本在农业生产中都遵循一个共同的原则，即对因作物收获造成的土壤氮素损失进行完全的补充。但近３０年来，日本出现了氮素负荷量过大的环境问题，这主要是由于日本大量进口粮食和饲料所致。在中国，一些地区氮素负荷量过大，而另一些地区则出现了伴随着土壤侵蚀的氮素损失。我们应当吸取日本历史上的污染教训，并从两国古老的农业系统中学习有益的经验，寻求新的氮素循环平衡系统，以便构造有利于生态环境的农业系统。Japan and China had kept a fundamental principle of agriculture which was to replenish all nutrients removed from the soil by the harvesting of crops for long ages. However, the environment of Japan has been enormously loaded with nitrogen mainly derived from livestock and human wastes caused by the import of a large amounts of food and feed for recent three decades. The situation is similar in local scales in Japan. In China, the major characteristics are shown as follows: excessive nitrogen in some areas, nitrogen loss often incorporated with soil erosion and heavy weight of organic materials in fertilization. We have to realize the new balanced system of nitrogen cycling by lessening from Japanese history of pollution and leaning from the old agricultural system of both countries to construct ecologically sound farming systems. 

关 键 词：氮素循环 农业 废弃物 有机肥料 可持续生态农业系统 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]