小儿寰枢椎脱位的病因、诊断及治疗  

ETIOLOGY,DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF ATLANTOAXIAL DISLOCATION IN CHILDREN

作　　者：杨忠汉[1] 李佛保[1] 廖威明[1] 黄芝胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山医科大学附属第一医院骨科

出　　处：《中山大学学报（医学科学版）》1998年第S1期75-76,共2页Journal of Sun Yat-Sen University:Medical Sciences

摘　　要：目的：探讨小儿寰枢椎脱位的病因、诊断与治疗方法。方法：分析４２例患儿的临床资料，以病史、体征与影象学检查结合的方法作为诊断依据，采用非手术或手术方法进行治疗。结果：大部分（２９／４２）患儿起因于上呼吸道感染与急性扁桃腺炎，所有病例颈椎正侧位及寰枢椎张口位Ｘ线照片所见均有异常，绝大部分（３８／４２）患儿用牵引疗法取得良好效果。结论：小儿头颈部炎症与上呼吸道感染是本症最主要的发病原因；加强对本症的认识，及时进行影象学检查可提高诊断率，避免误诊；Objectives:To study the etiology,diagnosis and treatment of dislocation of the atlantoaxial joint in children. Methods:Clinical material in 42 children with the dislocation was analyzed.Diagnosis was made on the basis of history,clinical features and image examination in all cases.The treatment included conservative and operative management.Results:Most of the cases(29/42)had the history of upper respiratory infection and acute tonsillitis before the dislocation.All cases showed abnormal manifestation in the anteriorposterior and lateral Xray films of the cervical vertebra,as well as in the film of the atlantoaxial joint at the openmouth position.Almost all cases (38/42)obtained good results by means of traction management.Conclusions:The inflammation of head and neck and infection of upper respiratory tract were the major causes of the dislocation.Recognition for the disease and prompt image examination help increase the rate of correct diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis.Jawoccipital belt traction or skull traction is the major choice for treatment.

关 键 词：寰枢关节/外科学 脱位/病因 脱位/诊断 脱位/治疗 

分 类 号：R684.7[医药卫生—骨科学]