海相碎屑岩层序地层框架中的油气藏类型与分布  

Hydrocarbon Accumulations in Marine SiliciclasticSequence Stratigraphic Framework

作　　者：张周良[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京石油大学盆地与油藏研究中心

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》1998年第1期41-46,共6页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

摘　　要：在由不整合面及可与之对比的整合面所限定的层序内，烃源岩、储集层和盖层的分布及生储盖组合表现出一定的规律性，储集体在层序中的位置与可能形成的圈闭类型之间也有一定程度的联系．低水位体系域中的深水和半深水泥岩、海进体系域中的陆架泥岩和密集段，以及高水位体系域中的前三角洲泥岩都是烃源岩，同时也是良好的盖层；盆底扇和陆坡扇中的浊积砂体和水道砂体、下切河谷中充填的河道砂体以及位于低水位楔、海进体系域和高水位体系域中的海滩和三角洲砂体都是潜在的储集体．层序内可能出现的圈闭和油气藏有７种类型，它们是：盆底扇、陆坡扇、下切河谷充填、地层上超、断层封闭、上倾方向尖灭和剥蚀残丘．它们可以被概括为地层圈闭、岩性圈闭和复合圈闭３大类．各类圈闭在层序中的分布是有规律可循的．这些规律性是动用层序地层学方法来预测生储盖层和隐蔽圈闭的基础．istribution of hydrocarbon sources, reservoirs and seals is predictable within the sequence stratigraphic framework. Positions of reservoir sandbodies within a siliciclastic depositional sequence tend to determine play types. Shales deposited on the continental slope and in basinal areas during the sea level lowstand, on the shelf during marine transgressions and the maximum flooding, and in prodelta and offshore areas during the highstand, are potential sources and seals for hydrocarbons. Potential reservoirs include turbidite sandstones in basinfloor fans and slope fans, beach and deltaic sandstones in the prograding wedge, channel sandstones in incised valley fills, beach sandstones in the transgressive systems tract, and beach and deltaic sandstones in the highstand systems tract. There are seven potential play types within a type1 depositional sequence, these are: basinfloor fan, slope fan, incised valley fill, onlap, fault closure, updip pinch out, and erosional mound. These different types of plays can be incorporated into stratigraphic, lithology pinch out, and combination traps, Their distribution within the sequence is predictable. This provide the basis for predicting exploration targets using sequence stratigraphic concepts.

关 键 词：层序地层学 海相硅质碎屑岩 油气藏 地层和岩性圈闭 

分 类 号：P744.4[天文地球—海洋科学]